Let S be a non-empty subset of R. Consider the following statement:
P : There is a rational number x ∈ S such that x > 0.
Which of the following statements is the negation of the statement P?

Statement-1 : $$ \sim \left( {p \leftrightarrow \sim q} \right)$$ is equivalent to $${p \leftrightarrow q}$$.
Statement-2 : $$ \sim \left( {p \leftrightarrow \sim q} \right)$$ is a tautology.

Let p be the statement “x is an irrational number”, q be the statement “y is a transcendental number”, and r be the statement “x is a rational number iff y is a transcendental number”.

Statement –1: r is equivalent to either q or p.

Statement –2: r is equivalent to $$ \sim \left( {p \leftrightarrow \sim q} \right)$$

The statement $$p \to \left( {q \to p} \right)$$ is equivalent to