A dipole with two electric charges of 2 µC magnitude each, with separation distance 0.5 µm, is placed between the plates of a capacitor such that its axis is parallel to an electric field established between the plates when a potential difference of 5 V is applied. Separation between the plates is 0.5 mm. If the dipole is rotated by 30° from the axis, it tends to realign in the direction due to a torque. The value of torque is:

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : The outer body of an aircraft is made of metal which protects persons sitting inside from lightning strikes.

Reason (R) : The electric field inside the cavity enclosed by a conductor is zero.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

A mirror is used to produce an image with magnification of $\frac{1}{4}$. If the distance between object and its image is 40 cm, then the focal length of the mirror is ________.

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): The density of the copper $(^ {64}_{29} \text{Cu})$ nucleus is greater than that of the carbon $(^ {12}_{6} \text{C})$ nucleus.

Reason (R): The nucleus of mass number A has a radius proportional to $ A^{1/3} $.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: