The figure shows a system of two concentric spheres of radii $${r_1}$$ and $${r_2}$$ are kept at temperatures $${T_1}$$ and $${T_2}$$, respectively. The radial rate of flow of heat in a substance between the two concentric spheres is proportional to

The temperature-entropy diagram of a reversible engine cycle is given in the figure. Its efficiency is

The function $${\sin ^2}\left( {\omega t} \right)$$ represents

Two simple harmonic motions are represented by the equations $${y_1} = 0.1\,\sin \left( {100\pi t + {\pi \over 3}} \right)$$ and $${y_2} = 0.1\,\cos \,\pi t.$$ The phase difference of the velocity of particle $$1$$ with respect to the velocity of particle $$2$$ is