Let the vectors $$\overrightarrow a $$, $$\overrightarrow b $$, $$\overrightarrow c $$ be such that
$$\left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| = 2$$, $$\left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| = 4$$ and $$\left| {\overrightarrow c } \right| = 4$$. If the projection of
$$\overrightarrow b $$ on $$\overrightarrow a $$ is equal to the projection of $$\overrightarrow c $$ on $$\overrightarrow a $$
and $$\overrightarrow b $$ is perpendicular to $$\overrightarrow c $$, then the value of
$$\left| {\overrightarrow a + \vec b - \overrightarrow c } \right|$$ is ___________.

A spaceship in space sweeps stationary interplanetary dust. As a result, its mass
increases at a rate $${{dM\left( t \right)} \over {dt}}$$ = bv²(t), where v(t) is its instantaneous velocity. The instantaneous acceleration of the satellite is :

A ring is hung on a nail. It can oscillate, without slipping or sliding
(i) in its plane with a time period T₁ and,
(ii) back and forth in a direction perpendicular to its plane,
with a period T₂. The ratio $${{{T_1}} \over {{T_2}}}$$ will be :

The quantities x = $${1 \over {\sqrt {{\mu _0}{\varepsilon _0}} }}$$, y = $${E \over B}$$ and z = $${l \over {CR}}$$ are
defined where C-capacitance, R-Resistance, l-length, E-Electric field, B-magnetic field and $${{\varepsilon _0}}$$, $${{\mu _0}}$$, - free space permittivity and permeability respectively. Then :