Water – hydrochloric acid

Acetone – chloroform

Water – nitric acid

Benzene – methanol

0.01 M Na₂SO₄

0.015 M glucose

0.015 M urea

0.01 M KNO₃

Raoult’s law states that the vapour pressure of a components over a solution is proportional to its mole fraction

Two sucrose solutions of same molality prepared in different solvents will have the same freezing point depression

The correct order of osmotic pressure for 0.01 M aqueous solution of each compound is BaCl₂ > KCl > CH₃COOH > sucrose

The osmotic pressure ($$\pi$$) = MRT, where M is the molarity of the solution

generate heat

remove adsorbed oxygen from electrode surfaces

produce high purity water

create potential difference between the two electrodes