A light ray is incident perpendicularly to one face of a $${90^ \circ }$$ prism and is totally internally reflected at the glass-air interface. If the angle of reflection is $${45^ \circ }$$, we conclude that the refractive index $$n$$

Two spherical conductors $$B$$ and $$C$$ having equal radii and carrying equal charges on them repel each other with a force $$F$$ when kept apart at some distance. A third spherical conductor having same radius as that $$B$$ but uncharged is brought in contact with $$B,$$ then brought in correct with $$C$$ and finally removed away from both. The new force of repulsion between $$B$$ and $$C$$ is

Spherical balls of radius $$R$$ are falling in a viscous fluid of viscosity $$\eta $$ with a velocity $$v.$$ The retarding viscous force acting on the spherical ball is

A particle moves in a straight line with retardation proportional to its displacement. Its loss of kinetic energy for any displacement $$x$$ is proportional to