A solid ball of radius R has a charge density $$\rho $$
given by $$\rho $$ = $$\rho $$_o (1 $$-$$ $${\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle r$} \kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em \lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle R$}}$$) for 0 $$ \le $$ r $$ \le $$ R. The electric field outside the ball is :

A charge $$Q$$ is placed at a distance $$a/2$$ above the center of the square surface of edge a as shown in the figure.


The electric flux through the square surface is

A body of mass $$M$$ and charge $$q$$ is connected to spring of spring constant $$k.$$ It is oscillating along $$x$$-direction about its equilibrium position, taken to be at $$x=0,$$ with an amplitude $$A$$. An electric field $$E$$ is applied along the $$x$$-direction. Which of the following statements is correct ?

Four closed surfaces and corresponding charge distributions are shown below.



Let the respective electric fluxes through the surfaces be $${\Phi _1},$$ $${\Phi _2},$$ $${\Phi _3}$$ and $${\Phi _4}$$. Then :