A solid conducting sphere, having a charge Q, is surrounded by an uncharged conducting hollow spherical shell. Let the potential difference between the surface of the solid sphere and that of the outer surface of the hollow shell be V. If the shell is now given a charge of –4 Q, the new potential difference between the same two surfaces is :

The bob of a simple pendulum has mass 2g and a charge of 5.0 μC. It is at rest in a uniform horizontal electric field of intensity 2000 V/m. At equilibrium, the angle that the pendulum makes with the vertical is : (take g = 10 m/s²)

There is a uniform spherically symmetric surface charge density at a distance R₀ from the origin. The charge distribution is initially at rest and starts expanding because of mutual repulsion. The figure that represents best the speed V (R(t)) of the distribution as a function of its instantaneous radius R (t) is :

Determine the electric dipole moment of the system of the three charges, placed on the vertices of an equilateral triangle, as shown in the figure :