What is the conductivity of a semiconductor sale having electron concentration of $$5 \times {10^{18}}\,\,{m^{ - 3}},$$ hole concentration of $$5 \times {10^{19}}\,\,{m^{ - 3}},$$ electron mobility of 2.0 m² V^$$-$$1 s^-1 and hole mobility of 0.01 m² V^$$-$$1 s^$$-$$1 ?

(Take charge of electronas 1.6 $$ \times $$ 10 ^$$-$$19 c)

The V-I characteristic of a diode is shown in the figure. The ratio of forward to reverse bias resistance is :

In a common emitter amplifier circuit using an n-p-n transistor, the phase difference between the input and the output voltages will be:

To get an output of 1 from the circuit shown in figure the input must be :