An experiment is performed to determine the I - V characteristics of a Zener diode, which has a protective resistance of R = 100 $$\Omega $$, and a maximum power of dissipation rating of 1 W. The minimum voltage range of the DC source in the circuit is :

An unknown transistor needs to be identified as a npn or pnp type. A multimeter, with + ve and − ve terminals, is used to measure resistance between different terminals of transistor. If terminal 2 is the base of the transistor then which of the following is correct for a pnp transistor ?

The truth table given in fig. represents :

A	B	Y
0	0	0
0	1	1
1	0	1
1	1	1

The temperature dependence of resistance of $$Cu$$ and undoped $$Si$$ in the temperature range $$300-400$$ $$K,$$ is best described by :