Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion $$\mathbf{A}$$ and the other is labelled as Reason $$\mathbf{R}$$

Assertion $$\mathbf{A}$$ : Zero orbital overlap is an out of phase overlap.

Reason $$\mathbf{R}$$ : It results due to different orientation / direction of approach of orbitals.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion $$\mathbf{A}$$ and the other is labelled as Reason $$\mathbf{R}$$

Assertion A : The reduction of a metal oxide is easier if the metal formed is in liquid state than solid state.

Reason $$\mathbf{R}$$ : The value of $$\Delta G ^\Theta$$ becomes more on negative side as entropy is higher in liquid state than solid state.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

Which of the following pair is not isoelectronic species?

(At. no. Sm, 62; Er, 68; Yb, 70; Lu, 71; Eu, 63; Tb, 65; Tm, 69)

Given below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R

Assertion A : Permanganate titrations are not performed in presence of hydrochloric acid.

Reason R : Chlorine is formed as a consequence of oxidation of hydrochloric acid.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below