The radius R of a nucleus of mass number A can be estimated by the formula
R = (1.3 $$ \times $$ 10^–15)A^1/3 m.
It follows that the mass density of a nucleus is of the order of :

(M_prot. $$ \cong $$ M_neut $$ \simeq $$ 1.67 $$ \times $$ 10^–27 kg)

A uniform magnetic field B exists in a direction perpendicular to the plane of a square loop made of a metal wire. The wire has a diameter of 4 mm and a total length of 30 cm. The magnetic field changes with time at a steady rate $${{dB} \over {dt}}$$ = 0.032 Ts^–1. The induced current in the loop is close to (Resistivity of the metal wire is 1.23 $$ \times $$ 10^–8 $$\Omega $$m)

To raise the temperature of a certain mass of gas by 50^oC at a constant pressure, 160 calories of heat is required. When the same mass of gas is cooled by 100^oC at constant volume, 240 calories of heat is released. How many degrees of freedom does each molecule of this gas have (assume gas to be ideal)?

Concentric metallic hollow spheres of radii R and 4R hold charges Q₁ and Q₂ respectively. Given that surface charge densities of the concentric spheres are equal, the potential difference V(R) – V(4R) is :