The Gibbs energy for the decomposition of Al₂O₃ at 500^oC is as follows :

$${2 \over 3}A{l_2}{O_3}$$ $$\to$$ $${4 \over 3}Al + {O_2}$$, $${\Delta _r}G$$ = + 966 kJ mol^–1

The potential difference needed for electrolytic reduction of Al₂O₃ at 500^oC is at least :

The correct order of $$E_{{M^{2 + }}/M}^o$$ values with negative sign for the four successive elements Cr, Mn, Fe and Co is :

On mixing, heptane and octane form an ideal solution. At 373 K, the vapour pressures of the two liquid components (heptane and octane) are 105 kPa and 45 kPa respectively. Vapour pressure of the solution obtained by mixing 25.0g of heptane and 35 g of octane will be (molar mass of heptane = 100 g mol^–1 and of octane = 114 g mol^–1)

If sodium sulphate is considered to be completely dissociated into cations and anions in aqueous solution, the change in freezing point of water (∆T_f), when 0.01 mol of sodium sulphate is dissolved in 1 kg of water, is (K_f = 1.86 K kg mol^–1)