The electrophile, $${E^ \oplus }$$ attacks the benzene ring to generate the intermediate $$\sigma - $$complex. Of the following, which $$\sigma - $$complex is lowest energy?

The absolute configuration of

The treatment of $$C{H_3}MgX\,\,$$ with $$C{H_3}C \equiv C - H$$ produces

Amount of oxalic acid present in a solution can be determined by its titration with $$KMn{O_4}$$ solution in the presence of $${H_2}S{O_4}.$$ The titration gives unsatisfactory result when carried out in the presence of $$HCl,$$ because $$HCl$$ :