Two small spherical balls of mass 10 g each with charges $-2 \mu \mathrm{C}$ and $2 \mu \mathrm{C}$, are attached to two ends of very light rigid rod of length 20 cm . The arrangement is now placed near an infinite nonconducting charge sheet with uniform charge density of $100 \mu \mathrm{C} / \mathrm{m}^2$ such that length of rod makes an angle of $30^{\circ}$ with electric field generated by charge sheet. Net torque acting on the rod is: (Take $\varepsilon_{\mathrm{o}}: 8.85 \times 10^{-12} \mathrm{C}^2 / \mathrm{Nm}^2$ )

The electrostatic potential on the surface of uniformly charged spherical shell of radius $\mathrm{R}=10 \mathrm{~cm}$ is 120 V . The potential at the centre of shell, at a distance $\mathrm{r}=5 \mathrm{~cm}$ from centre, and at a distance $\mathrm{r}=15$ cm from the centre of the shell respectively, are:

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : Net dipole moment of a polar linear isotropic dielectric substance is not zero even in the absence of an external electric field.

Reason (R) : In absence of an external electric field, the different permanent dipoles of a polar dielectric substance are oriented in random directions.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :