Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A : When a rod lying freely is heated, no thermal stress is developed in it.

Reason R : On heating, the length of the rod increases.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A diatomic gas, having $${C_p} = {7 \over 2}R$$ and $${C_v} = {5 \over 2}R$$, is heated at constant pressure. The ratio dU : dQ : dW :

If one mole of an ideal gas at (P₁, V₁) is allowed to expand reversibly and isothermally (A to B) its pressure is reduced to one-half of the original pressure (see figure). This is followed by a constant volume cooling till its pressure is reduced to one-fourth of the initial value (B $$ \to $$ C). Then it is restored to its initial state by a reversible adiabatic compression (C to A). The net workdone by the gas is equal to :

On the basis of kinetic theory of gases, the gas exerts pressure because its molecules :