Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. If two families have two children each, then the conditional probability that all children are girls given that at least two are girls is :

If $${\Delta _1} = \left| {\matrix{ x & {\sin \theta } & {\cos \theta } \cr { - \sin \theta } & { - x} & 1 \cr {\cos \theta } & 1 & x \cr } } \right|$$ and
$${\Delta _2} = \left| {\matrix{ x & {\sin 2\theta } & {\cos 2\theta } \cr { - \sin 2\theta } & { - x} & 1 \cr {\cos 2\theta } & 1 & x \cr } } \right|$$, $$x \ne 0$$ ;

then for all $$\theta \in \left( {0,{\pi \over 2}} \right)$$ :

If the length of the perpendicular from the point ($$\beta $$, 0, $$\beta $$) ($$\beta $$ $$ \ne $$ 0) to the line,
$${x \over 1} = {{y - 1} \over 0} = {{z + 1} \over { - 1}}$$ is $$\sqrt {{3 \over 2}} $$, then $$\beta $$ is equal to :

If y = y(x) is the solution of the differential equation
$${{dy} \over {dx}} = \left( {\tan x - y} \right){\sec ^2}x$$, $$x \in \left( { - {\pi \over 2},{\pi \over 2}} \right)$$,
such that y (0) = 0, then $$y\left( { - {\pi \over 4}} \right)$$ is equal to :