A granite rod of 60 cm length is clamped at its middle point and is set into longitudinal vibrations. The density of granite is 2.7 $$\times$$ 10³ kg/m³ and its Young’s modulus is 9.27 $$\times$$ 10¹⁰ Pa. What will be the fundamental frequency of the longitudinal vibrations ?

Unpolarized light of intensity I passes through an ideal polarizer A. Another identical polarizer B is placed behind A. The intensity of light beyond B is found to be I/2. Now another identical polarizer C is placed between A and B. The intensity beyond B is now found to be I/8. The angle between polarizer A and C is :

The mass of a hydrogen molecule is 3.32 $$\times$$ 10^-27 kg. If 10²³ hydrogen molecules strike, per second, a fixed wall of area 2 cm² at an angle of 45^o to the normal, and rebound elastically with a speed of 10³ m/s, then the pressure on the wall is nearly:

Two moles of an ideal monatomic gas occupies a volume V at 27^oC. The gas expands adiabatically to a volume 2 V. Calculate (a) the final temperature of the gas and (b) change in its internal energy.