A compressive force, F is applied at the two ends of a long thin steel rod. It is heated, simultaneously, such that its temperature increases by $$\Delta $$T. The net change in its length is zero. Let $$\ell $$ be the length of the rod, A its area of cross-section,Y its Young’s modulus, and $$\alpha $$ its coefficient of linear expansion. Then, F is equal to :

Time (T), velocity (C) and angular momentum (h) are chosen as fundamentalquantities instead of mass, length and time. In terms of these, the dimensions of mass would be :

Let the refractive index of a denser medium with respect to a rarer medium be n₁₂ and its critical angle be θ_C . At an angle of incidence A when light is travelling from denser medium to rarer medium, a part of the light is reflected and the rest is refracted and the angle between reflected and refracted rays is 90^o. Angle A is given by :

What is the conductivity of a semiconductor sale having electron concentration of $$5 \times {10^{18}}\,\,{m^{ - 3}},$$ hole concentration of $$5 \times {10^{19}}\,\,{m^{ - 3}},$$ electron mobility of 2.0 m² V^$$-$$1 s^-1 and hole mobility of 0.01 m² V^$$-$$1 s^$$-$$1 ?

(Take charge of electronas 1.6 $$ \times $$ 10 ^$$-$$19 c)