Consider a water jar of radius R that has water filled up to height H and is kept on astand of height h (see figure). Through a hole of radius r (r << R) at its bottom, the water leaks out and the stream of water coming down towards the ground has a shape like a funnel as shown in the figure. If the radius of the cross-section of water stream when it hits the ground is x. Then :

To know the resistance G of a galvanometer by half deflection method, a battery of emf V_E and resistance R is used to deflect the galvanometer by angle $$\theta $$. If a shunt of resistance S is needed to get half deflection then G, R and S are related by the equation :

A car of weight W is on an inclined road that rises by 100 m over a distance of 1 km and applies a constant frictional force $${W \over 20}$$ on the car. While moving uphill on the road at a speed of 10 ms⁻¹, the car needs power P. If it needs power $${p \over 2}$$ while moving downhill at speed v then value of $$\upsilon $$ is :

200 g water is heated from 40^oC to 60^oC. Ignoring the slight expansion of water, the change in its internal energy is close to (Given specific heat of water = 4184 J/kg/K) :