Reaction of cyclohexanone with dimethylamine in the presence of catalytic amount of an acid forms a compound if water during the reaction is continuously removed. The compound formed is generally known as

$$p$$-cresol reacts with chloroform in alkaline medium to give the compound A which adds hydrogen cyanide to form, the compound $$B.$$ The latter on acidic hydrolysis gives chiral carboxylic acid. The structure of the carboxylic acid is :

Which of the following undergoes reaction with 50% sodium hydroxide solution to give the corresponding alcohol and acid?

On mixing ethyl acetate with aqueous sodium chloride, the composition of the resultant solution is