The plot of $$\mathrm{pH}$$-metric titration of weak base $$\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}$$ vs strong acid HCl looks like :

Class XII students were asked to prepare one litre of buffer solution of $$\mathrm{pH} \,8.26$$ by their Chemistry teacher: The amount of ammonium chloride to be dissolved by the student in $$0.2\, \mathrm{M}$$ ammonia solution to make one litre of the buffer is

(Given: $$\mathrm{pK}_{\mathrm{b}}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\right)=4.74$$

Molar mass of $$\mathrm{NH}_{3}=17 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$$

Molar mass of $$\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}=53.5 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$$ )

$$20 \mathrm{~mL}$$ of $$0.1\, \mathrm{M} \,\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}$$ is mixed with $$40 \mathrm{~mL}$$ of $$0.05 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$$. The $$\mathrm{pH}$$ of the mixture is nearest to :

(Given : $$\mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{b}}\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{OH}\right)=1 \times 10^{-5}, \log 2=0.30, \log 3=0.48, \log 5=0.69, \log 7=0.84, \log 11= 1.04)$$

$$\Delta$$G$$^\circ$$ vs T plot for the formation of MgO, involving reaction

2Mg + O₂ $$\to$$ 2MgO, will look like :