A uniform cylindrical rod of length L and radius r, is made from a material whose Young’s modulus of Elasticity equals Y. When this rod is heated by temperature T and simultaneously subjected to a net longitudinal compressional force F, its length remains unchanged. The coefficient of volume expansion, of the material of the rod, is (nearly) equal to :

A smooth wire of length 2$$\pi $$r is bent into a circle and kept in a vertical plane. A bead can slide smoothly on the wire. When the circle is rotating with angular speed $$\omega $$ about the vertical diameter AB, as shown in figure, the bead is at rest with respect to the circular ring at position P as shown. Then the value of $$\omega $$² is equal to -

A system of three polarizers P₁, P₂, P₃ is set up such that the pass axis of P₃ is crossed with respect to that of P₁. The pass axis of P₂ is inclined at 60^o to the pass axis of P₃. When a beam of unpolarized light of intensity I0 is incident on P₁, the intensity of light transmitted by the three polarizers is I. The ratio ($${{{I_0}} \over I}$$) equals (nearly) :

Let a total charge 2Q be distributed in a sphere of radius R, with the charge density given by $$\rho $$(r) = kr, where r is the distance from the centre. Two charges A and B, of –Q each, are placed on diametrically opposite points, at equal distance, $$a$$ from the centre. If A and B do not experience any force, then :