Model a torch battery of length $$l$$ to be made up of a thin cylindrical bar of radius ‘a’ and a concentric thin cylindrical shell of radius ‘b’ filled in between with an electrolyte of resistivity $$\rho $$ (see figure). If the battery is connected to a resistance of value R, the maximum Joule heating in R will take place for :

A potentiometer wire PQ of 1 m length is connected to a standard cell E₁. Another cell E₂ of emf 1.02 V is connected with a resistance ‘r’ and switch S (as shown in figure). With switch S open, the null position is obtained at a distance of 49 cm from Q. The potential gradient in the potentiometer wire is :

Consider four conducting materials copper, tungsten, mercury and aluminium with resistivity $$\rho $$_C, $$\rho $$_T, $$\rho $$_M and $$\rho $$_A respectively. Then :

In the given circuit diagram, a wire is joining points B and D. The current in this wire is :