Consider an ideal gas confined in an isolated closed chamber. As the gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion, the average time of collision between molecules increases as $${V^q},$$ where $$V$$ is the volume of the gas. The value of $$q$$ is: $$\left( {\gamma = {{{C_p}} \over {{C_v}}}} \right)$$

Consider a spherical shell of radius $$R$$ at temperature $$T$$. The black body radiation inside it can be considered as an ideal gas of photons with internal energy per unit volume $$u = {U \over V}\, \propto \,{T^4}$$ and pressure $$p = {1 \over 3}\left( {{U \over V}} \right)$$ . If the shell now undergoes an adiabatic expansion the relation between $$T$$ and $$R$$ is:

From a solid sphere of mass $$M$$ and radius $$R,$$ a spherical portion of radius $$R/2$$ is removed, as shown in the figure. Taking gravitational potential $$V=0$$ at $$r = \infty ,$$ the potential at the center of the cavity thus formed is:
($$G=gravitational $$ $$constant$$)

A pendulum made of a uniform wire of cross sectional area $$A$$ has time period $$T.$$ When an additional mass $$M$$ is added to its bob, the time period changes to $${T_{M.}}$$ If the Young's modulus of the material of the wire is $$Y$$ then $${1 \over Y}$$ is equal to :
($$g=$$ $$gravitational$$ $$acceleration$$)