An unpolarized light of certain intensity passes through a combination of two polarizers whose transmission axes are at $30^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$, respectively, with respect to the horizontal axis. A third polarizer with its transmission axis at $60^{\circ}$ with the horizontal axis is placed between the two existing polarizers. The ratio of the output intensities with and without the third polarizer is $\_\_\_\_$ .

A slit of width $a$ is illuminated by light of wavelength $\lambda$. The linear separation between $1^{\text {st }}$ and $3^{\text {rd }}$ minima in the diffraction pattern produced on a screen placed at a distance $D$ from the slit system is $\_\_\_\_$ .

A telescope with objective diameter $R$ is used to observe a distant star emitting light of wavelength 500 nm , at a resolution of $5 \times 10^{-7}$ radian. The value of $R$ is

$\_\_\_\_$ cm .

An unpolarized light is incident on the plane interface of air-dielectric medium shown in figure. If the incident angle is equal to Brewster angle, identify the expression representing reflected wave.