On a hot summer night, the refractive index of air is smallest near the ground and increases with height from the ground. When a light beam is directed horizontally, the Huygens' principle leads us to conclude that as it travels, the light beam :

Assuming human pupil to have a radius of $$0.25$$ $$cm$$ and a comfortable viewing distance of $$25$$ $$cm$$, the minimum separation between two objects that human eye can resolve at $$500$$ $$nm$$ wavelength is :

Monochromatic light is incident on a glass prism of angle $$A$$. If the refractive index of the material of the prism is $$\mu $$, a ray, incident at an angle $$\theta $$. on the face $$AB$$ would get transmitted through the face $$AC$$ of the prism provided :

A thin convex lens made from crown glass $$\left( {\mu = {3 \over 2}} \right)$$ has focal length $$f$$. When it is measured in two different liquids having refractive indices $${4 \over 3}$$ and $${5 \over 3},$$ it has the focal lengths $${f_1}$$ and $${f_2}$$ respectively. The correct relation between the focal lengths is :