A metal string $A$ is suspended from a rigid support and its free end is attached to a block of mass $M$. Second block having mass 2 M is suspended at the bottom of the first block using a string $B$. The area of cross sections of strings $A$ and $B$ are same. The ratio of lengths of strings of $A$ to B is 2 and the ratio of their Young's moduli $\left(Y_A / Y_B\right)$ is 0.5 . The ratio of elongations in $A$ to $B$ is $\_\_\_\_$ .

A water spray gun is attached to a hose of cross sectional area $30 \mathrm{~cm}^2$. The gun comprises of 10 perforations each of cross sectional area of $15 \mathrm{~mm}^2$. If the water flows in the hose with the speed of $50 \mathrm{~cm} / \mathrm{s}$, calculate the speed at which the water flows out from each perforation. (Neglect any edge effects)

The increase in the pressure required to decrease the volume ( $\Delta V$ ) of water is $6.3 \times 10^7 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^2$. The percentage decrease in the volume is $\_\_\_\_$ .

(Bulk modulus of water $=2.1 \times 10^9 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^2$.)

A string $A$ of length 0.314 m and Young's modulus $2 \times 10^{10} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^2$ is connected to another string $B$ of length and Young's modulus both twice of those of $A$. This series combination of strings is then suspended from a rigid support and its free end is fixed to a load of mass 0.8 kg . The net change in length of the combination is $\_\_\_\_$ mm.

(radius of both the strings is 0.2 mm and acceleration due to gravity $=10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^2$ ) (Mass of both strings is to be neglected as compared to the mass of load)