Evaluate the following statements related to group 14 elements for their correctness.

(A) Covalent radius decreases down the group from $$\mathrm{C}$$ to $$\mathrm{Pb}$$ in a regular manner.

(B) Electronegativity decreases from $$\mathrm{C}$$ to $$\mathrm{Pb}$$ down the group gradually.

(C) Maximum covalance of $$\mathrm{C}$$ is 4 whereas other elements can expand their covalance due to presence of d orbitals.

(D) Heavier elements do not form $$\mathrm{p} \pi-\mathrm{p} \pi$$ bonds.

(E) Carbon can exhibit negative oxidation states.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements :

Statement I : Gallium is used in the manufacturing of thermometers.

Statement II : A thermometer containing gallium is useful for measuring the freezing point $$(256 \mathrm{~K})$$ of brine solution.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Which of the following material is not a semiconductor.

The correct statements from the following are :

(A) The decreasing order of atomic radii of group 13 elements is $$\mathrm{Tl}>\mathrm{In}>\mathrm{Ga}>\mathrm{Al}>\mathrm{B}$$.

(B) Down the group 13 electronegativity decreases from top to bottom.

(C) $$\mathrm{Al}$$ dissolves in dil. $$\mathrm{HCl}$$ and liberates $$\mathrm{H}_2$$ but conc. $$\mathrm{HNO}_3$$ renders $$\mathrm{Al}$$ passive by forming a protective oxide layer on the surface.

(D) All elements of group 13 exhibits highly stable +1 oxidation state.

(E) Hybridisation of $$\mathrm{Al}$$ in $$[\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O})_6]^{3+}$$ ion is $$\mathrm{sp}^3 \mathrm{d}^2$$.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :