A concave mirror has radius of curvature of 40 cm. It is at the bottom of a glass that has water filled up to 5 cm (see figure). If a small particle is floating on the surface of water, its image as seen, from directly above the glass, is at a distance d from the surface of water. The value of d is dose to: (Refractive index of water = 1.33)

The graph shows how the magnification m produced by a thin lens varies with image distance v. What is the focal length of the lens used?

One plano-convex and one plano-concave lens of same radius of curvature 'R' but of different materials are joined side by side as shown in the figure. If the refractive index of the material of 1 is $$\mu $$₁ and that of 2 is $$\mu $$₂, then the focal length of the combination is :

A ray of light AO in vacuum is incident on a glass slab at angle 60° and refracted at angle 30° along OB as shown in the figure. The optical path length of light ray from A to B is: