Net gravitational force at the center of a square is found to be $F_1$ when four particles having mass $M, 2 M, 3 M$ and $4 M$ are placed at the four corners of the square as shown in figure and it is $F_2$ when the positions of $3 M$ and $4 M$ are interchanged. The ratio $\frac{F_1}{F_2}$ is $\frac{\alpha}{\sqrt{5}}$. The value of $\alpha$ is $\_\_\_\_$ .

Initially a satellite of 100 kg is in a circular orbit of radius $1.5 \mathrm{R}_{\mathrm{E}}$. This satellite can be moved to a circular orbit of radius $3 R_E$ by supplying $\alpha \times 10^6 \mathrm{~J}$ of energy The value of $\alpha$ is $\_\_\_\_$ .

(Take Radius of Earth $R_E=6 \times 10^6 \mathrm{~m}$ and $\mathrm{g}=10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^2$ )

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): The radius vector from the Sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time and thus areal velocity of planet is constant.

Reason (R): For a central force field the angular momentum is a constant.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

An object is kept at rest at a distance of $3 R$ above the earth's surface where $R$ is earth's radius. The minimum speed with which it must be projected so that it does not return to earth is : (Assume $\mathrm{M}=$ mass of earth, $\mathrm{G}=$ Universal gravitational constant)