Find the modulation index of an AM wave having $$8 \mathrm{~V}$$ variation where maximum amplitude of the AM wave is $$9 \mathrm{~V}$$.

A FM Broadcast transmitter, using modulating signal of frequency 20 kHz has a deviation ratio of 10. The Bandwidth required for transmission is :

In the case of amplitude modulation to avoid distortion the modulation index $$(\mu)$$ should be :

A square wave of the modulating signal is shown in the figure. The carrier wave is given by $$C(t)=5 \sin (8 \pi t)$$ Volt. The modulation index is :