A modulating signal is a square wave, as shown in the figure.

If the carrier wave is given as $$\mathrm{c(t) = 2\sin(8\pi t)}$$ volts, the modulation index is :

Find the modulation index of an AM wave having $$8 \mathrm{~V}$$ variation where maximum amplitude of the AM wave is $$9 \mathrm{~V}$$.

A FM Broadcast transmitter, using modulating signal of frequency 20 kHz has a deviation ratio of 10. The Bandwidth required for transmission is :

In the case of amplitude modulation to avoid distortion the modulation index $$(\mu)$$ should be :