The full forms of the abbreviations TTL and COMS in reference to logic families are

The transistors used in a portion of the TTL gate shown in figure have β=100. the base-emitter voltage of is 0.7V for a transistor in active region and 0.75V for a transistor in saturation . If the sink current I=1mA and the output is at logic 0, then the current $${I_R}$$ I will be equal to

Both transistors T1 and T2 in figure have a threshold voltage of 1 Volt. The device parameters $${K_1}$$ and $${K_2}$$ of $${T_1}$$ and $${T_2}$$ are, respectively, 36 µA/ $${V^2}$$ and and 9$$9\,A/{V^2}$$. The output voltage $${V_0}$$ IS

Figure shows the internal schematic of a TTL AND-OR-Invert (AOI) gate. For the inputs shown in Figure, the output Y is