The open-loop DC gain of a unity negative feedback system with closed-loop transfer function $${{s + 4} \over {{s^2} + 7s + 13}}$$ is

Bode plot of a stable system is shown in fig. The transfer function of the system is

The open-loop transfer function of a feedback control system is G(s)=$${1 \over {{{\left( {s + 1} \right)}^3}}}$$
The gain margin of the system is

From the Nicholas chart, one can determine the following quantities pertaining to a closed loop system: