Let C be any circle with centre $$\,\left( {0\, , \sqrt {2} } \right)$$. Prove that at the most two rational points can to there on C. (A rational point is a point both of whose coordinates are rational numbers.)

A circle passes through three points A, B and C with the line segment AC as its diameter. A line passing through A angles DAB and CAB are $$\,\alpha \,\,and\,\,\beta $$ respectively and the distance between the point A and the mid point of the line segment DC is d, prove that the area of the circle is $$${{\pi \,{d^2}\,\,{{\cos }^2}\,\,\alpha } \over {{{\cos }^2}\,\alpha \, + \,{{\cos }^2}\,\beta \, + \,\,2\,\cos \,\,\alpha \,\,\cos \,\beta \,\cos \,\,(\beta - \alpha )\,}}$$$

Find the intervals of value of a for which the line y + x = 0 bisects two chords drawn from a point $$\left( {{{1\, + \,\sqrt 2 a} \over 2},\,{{1\, - \,\sqrt 2 a} \over 2}} \right)$$ to the circle $$\,\,2{x^2}\, + \,2{y^2} - (\,1\, + \sqrt 2 a)\,x - (1 - \sqrt 2 a)\,y = 0$$.

Find the coordinates of the point at which the circles $${x^2}\, + \,{y^2} - \,4x - \,2y = - 4\,\,and\,\,{x^2}\, + \,{y^2} - \,12x - \,8y = - 36$$ touch each other. Also find equations common tangests touching the circles in the distinct points.