Numerical

1
A bag contains $N$ balls out of which 3 balls are white, 6 balls are green, and the remaining balls are blue. Assume that the balls are identical otherwise. Three balls are drawn randomly one after the other without replacement. For $i=1,2,3$, let $W_i, G_i$, and $B_i$ denote the events that the ball drawn in the $i^{\text {th }}$ draw is a white ball, green ball, and blue ball, respectively. If the probability $P\left(W_1 \cap G_2 \cap B_3\right)=\frac{2}{5 N}$ and the conditional probability $P\left(B_3 \mid W_1 \cap G_2\right)=\frac{2}{9}$, then $N$ equals ________.
JEE Advanced 2024 Paper 2 Online
2

Let $X$ be a random variable, and let $P(X=x)$ denote the probability that $X$ takes the value $x$. Suppose that the points $(x, P(X=x)), x=0,1,2,3,4$, lie on a fixed straight line in the $x y$-plane, and $P(X=x)=0$ for all $x \in \mathbb{R}-\{0,1,2,3,4\}$. If the mean of $X$ is $\frac{5}{2}$, and the variance of $X$ is $\alpha$, then the value of $24 \alpha$ is _____________.

JEE Advanced 2024 Paper 1 Online
3
Let $X$ be the set of all five digit numbers formed using 1,2,2,2,4,4,0. For example, 22240 is in $X$ while 02244 and 44422 are not in $X$. Suppose that each element of $X$ has an equal chance of being chosen. Let $p$ be the conditional probability that an element chosen at random is a multiple of 20 given that it is a multiple of 5 . Then the value of $38 p$ is equal to :
JEE Advanced 2023 Paper 2 Online
4
Let $p_i$ be the probability that a randomly chosen point has $i$ many friends, $i=0,1,2,3,4$. Let $X$ be a random variable such that for $i=0,1,2,3,4$, the probability $P(X=i)=p_i$. Then the value of $7 E(X)$ is :
JEE Advanced 2023 Paper 2 Online
5
Two distinct points are chosen randomly out of the points $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_{49}$. Let $p$ be the probability that they are friends. Then the value of $7 p$ is :
JEE Advanced 2023 Paper 2 Online
6
In a study about a pandemic, data of 900 persons was collected. It was found that

190 persons had symptom of fever,

220 persons had symptom of cough,

220 persons had symptom of breathing problem,

330 persons had symptom of fever or cough or both,

350 persons had symptom of cough or breathing problem or both,

340 persons had symptom of fever or breathing problem or both,

30 persons had all three symptoms (fever, cough and breathing problem).

If a person is chosen randomly from these 900 persons, then the probability that the person has at most one symptom is ____________.
JEE Advanced 2022 Paper 1 Online
7
A number of chosen at random from the set {1, 2, 3, ....., 2000}. Let p be the probability that the chosen number is a multiple of 3 or a multiple of 7. Then the value of 500p is __________.
JEE Advanced 2021 Paper 2 Online
8
Three numbers are chosen at random, one after another with replacement, from the set S = {1, 2, 3, ......, 100}. Let p1 be the probability that the maximum of chosen numbers is at least 81 and p2 be the probability that the minimum of chosen numbers is at most 40.

The value of $${{625} \over 4}{p_1}$$ is ___________.
JEE Advanced 2021 Paper 1 Online
9
Three numbers are chosen at random, one after another with replacement, from the set S = {1, 2, 3, ......, 100}. Let p1 be the probability that the maximum of chosen numbers is at least 81 and p2 be the probability that the minimum of chosen numbers is at most 40.

The value of $${{125} \over 4}{p_2}$$ is ___________.
JEE Advanced 2021 Paper 1 Online
10
The probability that a missile hits a target successfully is 0.75. In order to destroy the target completely, at least three successful hits are required. Then the minimum number of missiles that have to be fired so that the probability of completely destroying the target is NOT less than 0.95, is ............
JEE Advanced 2020 Paper 2 Offline
11
Two fair dice, each with faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, are rolled together and the sum of the numbers on the faces is observed. This process is repeated till the sum is either a prime number or a perfect square. Suppose the sum turns out to be a perfect square before it turns out to be a prime number. If p is the probability that this perfect square is an odd number, then the value of 14p is ..........
JEE Advanced 2020 Paper 2 Offline
12
Let S be the sample space of all 3 $$ \times $$ 3 matrices with entries from the set {0, 1}. Let the events E1 and E2 be given by

E1 = {A$$ \in $$S : det A = 0} and

E2 = {A$$ \in $$S : sum of entries of A is 7}.

If a matrix is chosen at random from S, then the conditional probability P(E1 | E2) equals ...............
JEE Advanced 2019 Paper 1 Offline
13
The minimum number of times a fair coin needs to be tossed, so that the probability of getting at least two heads is at least $$0.96,$$ is
JEE Advanced 2015 Paper 1 Offline
14
Of the three independent events $${E_1},{E_2}$$ and $${E_3},$$ the probability that only $${E_1}$$ occurs is $$\alpha ,$$ only $${E_2}$$ occurs is $$\beta $$ and only $${E_3}$$ occurs is $$\gamma .$$ Let the probability $$p$$ that none of events $${E_1},{E_2}$$ or $${E_3}$$ occurs satisfy the equations $$\left( {\alpha -2\beta } \right)p = \alpha \beta $$ and $$\left( {\beta - 3\gamma } \right)p = 2\beta \gamma .$$ All the given probabilities are assumed to lie in the interval $$(0, 1)$$.

Then $${{\Pr obability\,\,of\,\,occurrence\,\,of\,\,{E_1}} \over {\Pr obability\,\,of\,\,occurrence\,\,of\,\,{E_3}}}$$

JEE Advanced 2013 Paper 1 Offline

MCQ (Single Correct Answer)

1

A student appears for a quiz consisting of only true-false type questions and answers all the questions. The student knows the answers of some questions and guesses the answers for the remaining questions. Whenever the student knows the answer of a question, he gives the correct answer. Assume that the probability of the student giving the correct answer for a question, given that he has guessed it, is $\frac{1}{2}$. Also assume that the probability of the answer for a question being guessed, given that the student's answer is correct, is $\frac{1}{6}$. Then the probability that the student knows the answer of a randomly chosen question is :

JEE Advanced 2024 Paper 1 Online
2
Consider an experiment of tossing a coin repeatedly until the outcomes of two consecutive tosses are same. If the probability of a random toss resulting in head is $\frac{1}{3}$, then the probability that the experiment stops with head is :
JEE Advanced 2023 Paper 2 Online
3
Let $X=\left\{(x, y) \in \mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z}: \frac{x^2}{8}+\frac{y^2}{20}<1\right.$ and $\left.y^2<5 x\right\}$. Three distinct points $P, Q$ and $R$ are randomly chosen from $X$. Then the probability that $P, Q$ and $R$ form a triangle whose area is a positive integer, is :
JEE Advanced 2023 Paper 1 Online
4
Suppose that

Box-I contains 8 red, 3 blue and 5 green balls,

Box-II contains 24 red, 9 blue and 15 green balls,

Box-III contains 1 blue, 12 green and 3 yellow balls,

Box-IV contains 10 green, 16 orange and 6 white balls.

A ball is chosen randomly from Box-I; call this ball $b$. If $b$ is red then a ball is chosen randomly from Box-II, if $b$ is blue then a ball is chosen randomly from Box-III, and if $b$ is green then a ball is chosen randomly from Box-IV. The conditional probability of the event 'one of the chosen balls is white' given that the event 'at least one of the chosen balls is green' has happened, is equal to

JEE Advanced 2022 Paper 2 Online
5

Two players, $$P_{1}$$ and $$P_{2}$$, play a game against each other. In every round of the game, each player rolls a fair die once, where the six faces of the die have six distinct numbers. Let $$x$$ and $$y$$ denote the readings on the die rolled by $$P_{1}$$ and $$P_{2}$$, respectively. If $$x>y$$, then $$P_{1}$$ scores 5 points and $$P_{2}$$ scores 0 point. If $$x=y$$, then each player scores 2 points. If $$x < y$$, then $$P_{1}$$ scores 0 point and $$P_{2}$$ scores 5 points. Let $$X_{i}$$ and $$Y_{i}$$ be the total scores of $$P_{1}$$ and $$P_{2}$$, respectively, after playing the $$i^{\text {th }}$$ round.

List-I List-II
(I) Probability of $$\left(X_{2} \geq Y_{2}\right)$$ is (P) $$\frac{3}{8}$$
(II) Probability of $$\left(X_{2}>Y_{2}\right)$$ is (Q) $$\frac{11}{16}$$
(III) Probability of $$\left(X_{3}=Y_{3}\right)$$ is (R) $$\frac{5}{16}$$
(IV) Probability of $$\left(X_{3}>Y_{3}\right)$$ is (S) $$\frac{355}{864}$$
(T) $$\frac{77}{432}$$

The correct option is:

JEE Advanced 2022 Paper 1 Online
6
Consider three sets E1 = {1, 2, 3}, F1 = {1, 3, 4} and G1 = {2, 3, 4, 5}. Two elements are chosen at random, without replacement, from the set E1, and let S1 denote the set of these chosen elements. Let E2 = E1 $$-$$ S1 and F2 = F1 $$\cup$$ S1. Now two elements are chosen at random, without replacement, from the set F2 and let S2 denote the set of these chosen elements.

Let G2 = G1 $$\cup$$ S2. Finally, two elements are chosen at random, without replacement, from the set G2 and let S3 denote the set of these chosen elements.

Let E3 = E2 $$\cup$$ S3. Given that E1 = E3, let p be the conditional probability of the event S1 = {1, 2}. Then the value of p is
JEE Advanced 2021 Paper 1 Online
7
Let C1 and C2 be two biased coins such that the probabilities of getting head in a single toss are $${{2 \over 3}}$$ and $${{1 \over 3}}$$, respectively. Suppose $$\alpha $$ is the number of heads that appear when C1 is tossed twice, independently, and suppose $$\beta $$ is the number of heads that appear when C2 is tossed twice, independently. Then the probability that the roots of the quadratic polynomial x2 $$-$$ ax + $$\beta $$ are real and equal, is
JEE Advanced 2020 Paper 1 Offline
8
There are five students S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 in a music class and for them there are five seats R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 arranged in a row, where initially the seat Ri is allotted to the student Si, i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. But, on the examination day, the five students are randomly allotted the five seats.

(There are two questions based on Paragraph "A", the question given below is one of them)

The probability that, on the examination day, the student S1 gets the previously allotted seat R1, and NONE of the remaining students gets the seat previously allotted to him/her is
JEE Advanced 2018 Paper 1 Offline
9
There are five students S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 in a music class and for them there are five seats R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 arranged in a row, where initially the seat Ri is allotted to the student Si, i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. But, on the examination day, the five students are randomly allotted the five seats.

(There are two questions based on Paragraph "A", the question given below is one of them)

For i = 1, 2, 3, 4, let Ti denote the event that the students Si and Si+1 do NOT sit adjacent to each other on the day of the examination. Then, the probability of the event $${T_1} \cap {T_2} \cap {T_3} \cap {T_4}$$ is
JEE Advanced 2018 Paper 1 Offline
10
Three randomly chosen nonnegative integers x, y and z are found to satisfy the equation x + y + z = 10. Then the probability that z is even, is
JEE Advanced 2017 Paper 2 Offline
11
Football teams $${T_1}$$ and $${T_2}$$ have to play two games against each other. It is assumed that the outcomes of the two games are independent. The probabilities of $${T_1}$$ winning, drawing and losing a game against $${T_2}$$ are $${1 \over 2},{1 \over 6}$$ and $${1 \over 3}$$ respectively. Each team gets $$3$$ points for a win, $$1$$ point for a draw and $$0$$ point for a loss in a game. Let $$X$$ and $$Y$$ denote the total points scored by teams $${T_1}$$ and $${T_2}$$ respectively after two games.

$$P\,\left( {X = Y} \right)$$ is

JEE Advanced 2016 Paper 2 Offline
12
Football teams $${T_1}$$ and $${T_2}$$ have to play two games against each other. It is assumed that the outcomes of the two games are independent. The probabilities of $${T_1}$$ winning, drawing and losing a game against $${T_2}$$ are $${1 \over 2},{1 \over 6}$$ and $${1 \over 3}$$ respectively. Each team gets $$3$$ points for a win, $$1$$ point for a draw and $$0$$ point for a loss in a game. Let $$X$$ and $$Y$$ denote the total points scored by teams $${T_1}$$ and $${T_2}$$ respectively after two games.

$$\,\,\,\,P\,\left( {X > Y} \right)$$ is

JEE Advanced 2016 Paper 2 Offline
13
A computer producing factory has only two plants $${T_1}$$ and $${T_2}.$$ Plant $${T_1}$$ produces $$20$$% and plant $${T_2}$$ produces $$80$$% of the total computers produced. $$7$$% of computers produced in the factory turn out to be defective. It is known that $$P$$ (computer turns out to be defective given that it is produced in plant $${T_1}$$)
$$ = 10P$$ (computer turns out to be defective given that it is produced in plant $${T_2}$$),
where $$P(E)$$ denotes the probability of an event $$E$$. A computer produced in the factory is randomly selected and it does not turn out to be defective. Then the probability that it is produced in plant $${T_2}$$ is
JEE Advanced 2016 Paper 1 Offline
14
Box $$1$$ contains three cards bearing numbers $$1,2,3;$$ box $$2$$ contains five cards bearing numbers $$1,2,3,4,5;$$ and box $$3$$ contains seven cards bearing numbers $$1,2,3,4,5,6,7.$$ A card is drawn from each of the boxes. Let $${x_i}$$ be number on the card drawn from the $${i^{th}}$$ box, $$i=1,2,3.$$

The probability that $${x_1},$$, $${x_2},$$ $${x_3}$$ are in an arithmetic progression, is

JEE Advanced 2014 Paper 2 Offline
15
Three boys and two girls stand in a queue. The probability, that the number of boys ahead of every girl is at least one more than the number of girls ahead of her, is
JEE Advanced 2014 Paper 2 Offline
16
Box $$1$$ contains three cards bearing numbers $$1,2,3;$$ box $$2$$ contains five cards bearing numbers $$1,2,3,4,5;$$ and box $$3$$ contains seven cards bearing numbers $$1,2,3,4,5,6,7.$$ A card is drawn from each of the boxes. Let $${x_i}$$ be number on the card drawn from the $${i^{th}}$$ box, $$i=1,2,3.$$

The probability that $${x_1} + {x_2} + {x_3}$$ is odd, is

JEE Advanced 2014 Paper 2 Offline
17
A box $${B_1}$$ contains $$1$$ white ball, $$3$$ red balls and $$2$$ black balls. Another box $${B_2}$$ contains $$2$$ white balls, $$3$$ red balls and $$4$$ black balls. A third box $${B_3}$$ contains $$3$$ white balls, $$4$$ red balls and $$5$$ black balls.

If $$2$$ balls are drawn (without replacement) from a randomly selected box and one of the balls is white and the other ball is red, the probability that these $$2$$ balls are drawn from box $${B_2}$$ is

JEE Advanced 2013 Paper 2 Offline
18
A box $${B_1}$$ contains $$1$$ white ball, $$3$$ red balls and $$2$$ black balls. Another box $${B_2}$$ contains $$2$$ white balls, $$3$$ red balls and $$4$$ black balls. A third box $${B_3}$$ contains $$3$$ white balls, $$4$$ red balls and $$5$$ black balls.

If $$1$$ ball is drawn from each of the boxex $${B_1},$$ $${B_2}$$ and $${B_3},$$ the probability that all $$3$$ drawn balls are of the same colour is

JEE Advanced 2013 Paper 2 Offline
19
Four persons independently solve a certain problem correctly with probabilities $${1 \over 2},{3 \over 4},{1 \over 4},{1 \over 8}.$$ Then the probability that the problem is solved correctly by at least one of them is
JEE Advanced 2013 Paper 1 Offline
20
Four fair dice $${D_1,}$$ $${D_2,}$$ $${D_3}$$ and $${D_4}$$ ; each having six faces numbered $$1, 2, 3, 4, 5$$ and $$6$$ are rolled simultaneously. The probability that $${D_4}$$ shows a number appearing on one of $${D_1},$$ $${D_2}$$ and $${D_3}$$ is
IIT-JEE 2012 Paper 2 Offline
21

The probability of the drawn ball from $${U_2}$$ being white is

IIT-JEE 2011 Paper 1 Offline
22

Given that the drawn ball from $${U_2}$$ is white, the probability that head appeared on the coin is

IIT-JEE 2011 Paper 1 Offline
23
Let $$\omega $$ be a complex cube root of unity with $$\omega \ne 1.$$ A fair die is thrown three times. If $${r_1},$$ $${r_2}$$ and $${r_3}$$ are the numbers obtained on the die, then the probability that $${\omega ^{{r_1}}} + {\omega ^{{r_2}}} + {\omega ^{{r_3}}} = 0$$ is
IIT-JEE 2010 Paper 1 Offline
24
A signal which can be green or red with probability $${4 \over 5}$$ and $${1 \over 5}$$ respectively, is received by station A and then transmitted to station $$B$$. The probability of each station receving the signal correctly is $${3 \over 4}$$. If the signal received at atation $$B$$ is green, then the probability that the original signal was green is
IIT-JEE 2010 Paper 2 Offline
25
The probability that X = 3 equals
IIT-JEE 2009 Paper 1 Offline
26

The probability that $$X\ge3$$ equals :

IIT-JEE 2009 Paper 1 Offline
27

The conditional probability that $$X\ge6$$ given $$X>3$$ equals :

IIT-JEE 2009 Paper 1 Offline
28

An experiment has 10 equally likely outcomes. Let A and B be two non-empty events of the experiment. If A consists of 4 outcomes, the number of outcomes that B must have so that A and B are independent is :

IIT-JEE 2008 Paper 2 Offline
29
Consider the system of equations $$ax+by=0; cx+dy=0,$$
where $$a,b,c,d$$ $$ \in \left\{ {0,1} \right\}$$

STATEMENT - 1 : The probability that the system of equations has a unique solution is $${3 \over 8}.$$ and

STATEMENT - 2 : The probability that the system of equations has a solution is $$1.$$
IIT-JEE 2008 Paper 1 Offline
30
Let $${H_1},{H_2},....,{H_n}$$ be mutually exclusive and exhaustive events with $$P\left( {{H_1}} \right) > 0,i = 1,2,.....,n.$$ Let $$E$$ be any other event with $$0 < P\left( E \right) < 1.$$
STATEMENT-1:
$$P\left( {{H_1}|E} \right) > P\left( {E|{H_1}} \right).P\left( {{H_1}} \right)$$ for $$i=1,2,....,n$$ because

STATEMENT-2: $$\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {P\left( {{H_i}} \right)} = 1.$$

IIT-JEE 2007
31
One Indian and four American men and their wives are to be seated randomly around a circular table. Then the conditional probability that the Indian man is seated adjacent to his wife given that each American man is seated adjacent to his wife is
IIT-JEE 2007
32
Let $${E^c}$$ denote the complement of an event $$E.$$ Let $$E, F, G$$ be pairwise independent events with $$P\left( G \right) > 0$$ and $$P\left( {E \cap F \cap G} \right) = 0.$$ Then $$P\left( {{E^c} \cap {F^c}|G} \right)$$ equals
IIT-JEE 2007 Paper 2 Offline
33
There are $$n$$ urns, each of these contain $$n+1$$ balls. The ith urn contains $$i$$ white balls and $$(n+1-i)$$ red balls. Let $${u_i}$$ be the event of selecting ith urn, $$i=1,2,3........,n$$ and $$w$$ the event of getting a white ball.

Let $$P\left( {{u_i}} \right) = {1 \over n},$$ if $$n$$ is even and $$E$$ denotes the event of choosing even numbered urn, then the value of $$P\left( {w/E} \right)$$ is

IIT-JEE 2006
34
There are $$n$$ urns, each of these contain $$n+1$$ balls. The ith urn contains $$i$$ white balls and $$(n+1-i)$$ red balls. Let $${u_i}$$ be the event of selecting ith urn, $$i=1,2,3........,n$$ and $$w$$ the event of getting a white ball.

If $$P\left( {{u_i}} \right) = c,$$ (a constant) then $$P\left( {{u_n}/w} \right) = $$

IIT-JEE 2006
35
There are $$n$$ urns, each of these contain $$n+1$$ balls. The ith urn contains $$i$$ white balls and $$(n+1-i)$$ red balls. Let $${u_i}$$ be the event of selecting ith urn, $$i=1,2,3........,n$$ and $$w$$ the event of getting a white ball.

If $$P\left( {{u_i}} \right) \propto i,\,$$ where $$i=1,2,3,.......,n,$$ then $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } P\left( w \right) = $$

IIT-JEE 2006
36
A six faced fair dice is thrown until $$1$$ comes, then the probability that $$1$$ comes in even no. of trials is
IIT-JEE 2005 Screening
37
If three distinct numbers are chosen randomly from the first $$100$$ natural numbers, then the probability that all three of them are divisible by both $$2$$ and $$3$$ is
IIT-JEE 2004 Screening
38
Two numbers are selected randomly from the set $$S = \left\{ {1,2,3,4,5,6} \right\}$$ without replacement one by one. The probability that minimum of the two numbers is less than $$4$$ is
IIT-JEE 2003 Screening
39
If $$P\left( B \right) = {3 \over 4},P\left( {A \cap B \cap \overline C } \right) = {1 \over 3}$$ and
$$P\left( {\overline A \cap B \cap \overline C } \right) = {1 \over 3},\,\,$$ then $$P\left( {B \cap C} \right)$$ is
IIT-JEE 2003 Screening
40
If the integers $$m$$ and $$n$$ are chosen at random from $$1$$ to $$100$$, then the probability that a number of the form $${7^m} + {7^n}$$ is divisible by $$5$$ equals
IIT-JEE 1999
41
A fair coin is tossed repeatedly. If the tail appears on first four tosses, then the probability of the head appearing on the fifth toss equals
IIT-JEE 1998
42
Seven white balls and three black balls are randomly placed in a row. The probability that no two black balls are placed adjacently equals
IIT-JEE 1998
43
There are four machines and it is known that exactly two of them are faulty. They are tested, one by one, in a random order till both the faulty machines are identified. Then the probability that only two tests are needed is
IIT-JEE 1998
44
If $$E$$ and $$F$$ are events with $$P\left( E \right) \le P\left( F \right)$$ and $$P\left( {E \cap F} \right) > 0,$$ then
IIT-JEE 1998
45
If from each of the three boxes containing $$3$$ white and $$1$$ black, $$2$$ white and $$2$$ black, $$1$$ white and $$3$$ black balls, one ball is drawn at random, then the probability that $$2$$ white and $$1$$ black ball will be drawn is
IIT-JEE 1998
46
For the three events $$A, B,$$ and $$C,P$$ (exactly one of the events $$A$$ or $$B$$ occurs) $$=P$$ (exactly one of the two events $$B$$ or $$C$$ occurs)$$=P$$ (exactly one of the events $$C$$ or $$A$$ occurs)$$=p$$ and $$P$$ (all the three events occur simultaneously) $$ = {p^2},$$ where $$0 < p < 1/2.$$ Then the probability of at least one of the three events $$A,B$$ and $$C$$ occurring is
IIT-JEE 1996
47
Three of six vertices of a regular hexagon are chosen at random. The probability that the triangle with three vertices is equilateral, equals
IIT-JEE 1995 Screening
48
The probability of India winning a test match against West Indies is $$1/2$$. Assuming independence from match to match the probability that in a $$5$$ match series India's second win occurs at third test is
IIT-JEE 1995 Screening
49
Let $$A, B, C$$ be three mutually independent events. Consider the two statements $${S_1}$$ and $${S_2}$$
$${S_1}\,:\,A$$ and $$B \cup C$$ are independent
$${S_2}\,:\,A$$ and $$B \cap C$$ are independent
Then,
IIT-JEE 1994
50
An unbiased die with faces marked $$1,2,3,4,5$$ and $$6$$ is rolled four times. Out of four face values obtained, the probability that the minimum face value is not less than $$2$$ and the maximum face value is not greater than $$5,$$ is then:
IIT-JEE 1993
51
India plays two matches each with West Indies and Australia. In any match the probabilities of India getting, points $$0,$$ $$1$$ and $$2$$ are $$0.45, 0.05$$ and $$0.50$$ respectively. Assuming that the outcomes are independent, the probability of India getting at least $$7$$ points is
IIT-JEE 1992
52
One hundred identical coins, each with probability, $$p,$$ of showing up heads are tossed once. If $$0 < p < 1$$ and the probability of heads showing on $$50$$ coins is equal to that of heads showing on $$51$$ coins, then the value of $$p$$ is
IIT-JEE 1988
53
The probability that at least one of the events $$A$$ and $$B$$ occurs is $$0.6$$. If $$A$$ and $$B$$ occur simultaneously with probability $$0.2,$$ then $$P\left( {\overline A } \right) + P\left( {\overline B } \right)$$ is
IIT-JEE 1986
54
A student appears for tests, $$I$$, $$II$$ and $$III$$. The student is successful if he passes either in tests $$I$$ and $$II$$ or tests $$I$$ and $$III$$. The probabilities of student passing in tests $$I$$, $$II$$ and $$III$$ are $$p, q$$ and $${1 \over 2}$$ respectively. If the probability that the student is successful is $${1 \over 2}$$, then
IIT-JEE 1986
55
A box contains $$24$$ identical balls of which $$12$$ are white and $$12$$ are black. The balls are drawn at random from the box one at a time with replacement. The probability that a white ball is drawn for the $$4$$th time on the $$7$$th draw is
IIT-JEE 1984
56
Three identical dice are rolled. The probability that the same number will appear on each of them is
IIT-JEE 1984
57
Fifteen coupons are numbered $$1, 2 ........15,$$ respectively. Seven coupons are selected at random one at a time with replacement. The probability that the largest number appearing on a selected coupon is $$9,$$ is
IIT-JEE 1983
58
If $$A$$ and $$B$$ are two events such that $$P\left( A \right) > 0,$$ and $$P\left( B \right) \ne 1,$$ then $$P\left( {{{\overline A } \over {\overline B }}} \right)$$ is equal to
IIT-JEE 1982
59
The probability that an event $$A$$ happens in one trial of an experiment is $$0.4.$$ Three independent trials of the experiment are performed. The probability that the event $$A$$ happens at least once is
IIT-JEE 1980
60
Two events $$A$$ and $$B$$ have probabilities $$0.25$$ and $$0.50$$ respectively. The probability that both $$A$$ and $$B$$ occur simultaneously is $$0.14$$. Then the probability that neither $$A$$ nor $$B$$ occurs is
IIT-JEE 1980
61
Two fair dice are tossed. Let $$x$$ be the event that the first die shows an even number and $$y$$ be the event that the second die shows an odd number. The two events $$x$$ and $$y$$ are:
IIT-JEE 1979

MCQ (More than One Correct Answer)

1
Let E, F and G be three events having probabilities $$P(E) = {1 \over 8}$$, $$P(F) = {1 \over 6}$$ and $$P(G) = {1 \over 4}$$, and let P (E $$\cap$$ F $$\cap$$ G) = $${1 \over {10}}$$. For any event H, if Hc denotes the complement, then which of the following statements is (are) TRUE?
JEE Advanced 2021 Paper 1 Online
2
There are three bags B1, B2 and B3. The bag B1 contains 5 red and 5 green balls, B2 contains 3 red and 5 green balls, and B3 contains 5 red and 3 green balls. Bags B1, B2 and B3 have probabilities $${3 \over {10}}$$, $${3 \over {10}}$$ and $${4 \over {10}}$$ respectively of being chosen. A bag is selected at random and a ball is chosen at random from the bag. Then which of the following options is/are correct?
JEE Advanced 2019 Paper 1 Offline
3
Let X and Y be two events such that $$P(X) = {1 \over 3}$$, $$P(X|Y) = {1 \over 2}$$ and $$P(Y|X) = {2 \over 5}$$. Then
JEE Advanced 2017 Paper 1 Offline
4
Let $${n_1}$$ and $${n_2}$$ be the number of red and black balls, respectively, in box $${\rm I}$$. Let $${n_3}$$ and $${n_4}$$ be the number of red and black balls, respectively, in box $${\rm I}{\rm I}.$$

One of the two boxes, box $${\rm I}$$ and box $${\rm I}{\rm I},$$ was selected at random and a ball was drawn randomly out of this box. The ball was found to be red. If the probability that this red ball was drawn from box $${\rm I}{\rm I}$$ is $${1 \over 3},$$ then the correct option(s) with the possible values of $${n_1}$$ $${n_2},$$ $${n_3}$$ and $${n_4}$$ is (are)

JEE Advanced 2015 Paper 2 Offline
5
Let $${n_1}$$ and $${n_2}$$ be the number of red and black balls, respectively, in box $${\rm I}$$. Let $${n_3}$$ and $${n_4}$$ be the number of red and black balls, respectively, in box $${\rm I}{\rm I}.$$

A ball is drawn at random from box $${\rm I}$$ and transferred to box $${\rm I}$$$${\rm I}.$$ If the probability of drawing a red ball from box $${\rm I},$$ after this transfer, is $${1 \over 3},$$ then the correct option(s) with the possible values of $${n_1}$$ and $${n_2}$$ is(are)

JEE Advanced 2015 Paper 2 Offline
6
Let $$X$$ and $$Y$$ be two events such that $$P\left( {X|Y} \right) = {1 \over 2},$$ $$P\left( {Y|X} \right) = {1 \over 3}$$ and $$P\left( {X \cap Y} \right) = {1 \over 6}.$$ Which of the following is (are) correct ?
IIT-JEE 2012 Paper 2 Offline
7
A ship is fitted with three engines $${E_1},{E_2}$$ and $${E_3}$$. The engines function independently of each other with respective probabilities $${1 \over 2},{1 \over 4}$$ and $${1 \over 4}$$. For the ship to be operational at least two of its engines must function. Let $$X$$ denote the event that the ship is operational and Let $${X_1},{X_2}$$ and $${X_3}$$ denote respectively the events that the engines $${E_1},{E_2}$$ and $${E_3}$$ are functioning. Which of the following is (are) true?
IIT-JEE 2012 Paper 1 Offline
8
Let $$E$$ and $$F$$ be two independent events. The probability that exactly one of them occurs is $$\,{{11} \over {25}}$$ and the probability of none of them occurring is $$\,{{2} \over {25}}$$. If $$P(T)$$ denotes the probability of occurrence of the event $$T,$$ then
IIT-JEE 2011 Paper 2 Offline
9
The probabilities that a student passes in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry are $$m, p$$ and $$c,$$ respectively. Of these subjects, the student has a $$75%$$ chance of passing in at least one, a $$50$$% chance of passing in at least two, and a $$40$$% chance of passing in exactly two. Which of the following relations are true?
IIT-JEE 1999
10
If $$\overline E $$ and $$\overline F $$ are the complementary events of events $$E$$ and $$F$$ respectively and if $$0 < P\left( F \right) < 1,$$ then
IIT-JEE 1998
11
Let $$0 < P\left( A \right) < 1,0 < P\left( B \right) < 1$$ and
$$P\left( {A \cup B} \right) = P\left( A \right) + P\left( B \right) - P\left( A \right)P\left( B \right)$$ then
IIT-JEE 1995 Screening
12
$$E$$ and $$F$$ are two independent events. The probability that both $$E$$ and $$F$$ happen is $$1/12$$ and the probability that neither $$E$$ nor $$F$$ happens is $$1/2.$$ Then,
IIT-JEE 1993
13
For any two events $$A$$ and $$B$$ in a simple space
IIT-JEE 1991
14
If $$E$$ and $$F$$ are independent events such that $$0 < P\left( E \right) < 1$$ and $$0 < P\left( F \right) < 1,$$ then
IIT-JEE 1989
15
For two given events $$A$$ and $$B,$$ $$P\left( {A \cap B} \right)$$
IIT-JEE 1988
16
If $$M$$ and $$N$$ are any two events, the probability that exactly one of them occurs is
IIT-JEE 1984

Subjective

1
A person goes to office either by car, scooter, bus or train, the probability of which being $${1 \over 7},{3 \over 7},{2 \over 7}$$ and $${1 \over 7}$$ respectively. Probability that he reaches office late, if he takes car, scooter, bus or train is $${2 \over 9},{1 \over 9},{4 \over 9}$$ and $${1 \over 9}$$ respectively. Given that he reached office in time, then what is the probability that he travelled by a car.
IIT-JEE 2005
2
A box contains $$12$$ red and $$6$$ white balls. Balls are drawn from the box one at a time without replacement. If in $$6$$ draws there are at least $$4$$ white balls, find the probability that exactly one white is drawn in the next two draws. (binomial coefficients can be left as such)
IIT-JEE 2004
3
$$A$$ and $$B$$ are two independent events. $$C$$ is even in which exactly one of $$A$$ or $$B$$ occurs. Prove that $$P\left( C \right) \ge P\left( {A \cup B} \right)P\left( {\overline A \cap \overline B } \right)$$
IIT-JEE 2004
4
$$A$$ is targeting to $$B, B$$ and $$C$$ are targeting to $$A.$$ Probability of hitting the target by $$A,B$$ and $$C$$ are $${2 \over 3},{1 \over 2}$$ and $${1 \over 3}$$ respectively. If $$A$$ is hit then find the probability that $$B$$ hits the target and $$C$$ does not.
IIT-JEE 2003
5
For a student to qualify, he must pass at least two out of three exams. The probability that he will pass the 1st exam is $$p.$$ If he fails in one of the exams then the probability of his passing in the next exam is $${p \over 2}$$ otherwise it remains the same. Find the probability that he will qualify.
IIT-JEE 2003
6
A box contains $$N$$ coins, $$m$$ of which are fair and the rest are biased. The probability of getting a head when a fair coin is tossed is $$1/2$$, while it is $$2/3$$ when a biased coin is tossed. A coin is drawn from the box at random and is tossed twice. The first time it shows head and the second time it shows tail. what is the probability that the coin drawn is fair?
IIT-JEE 2002
7
An urn contains $$m$$ white and $$n$$ black balls. A ball is drawn at random and is put back into the urn along with $$k$$ additional balls of the same colour as that of the ball drawn. A ball is again drawn at random. What is the probability that the ball drawn now is white?
IIT-JEE 2001
8
An unbiased die, with faces numbered $$1,2,3,4,5,6,$$ is thrown $$n$$ times and the list of $$n$$ numbers showing up is noted. What is the probability that, among the numbers $$1,2,3,4,5,6,$$ only three numbers appear in this list?
IIT-JEE 2001
9
A coin has probability $$p$$ of showing head when tossed. It is tossed $$n$$ times. Let $${p_n}$$ denote the probability that no two (or more) consecutive heads occur. Prove that $${p_1} = 1,{p_2} = 1 - {p^2}$$ and $${p_n} = \left( {1 - p} \right).\,\,{p_{n - 1}} + p\left( {1 - p} \right){p_{n - 2}}$$ for all $$n \ge 3.$$
IIT-JEE 2000
10
Eight players $${P_1},{P_2},.....{P_8}$$ play a knock-out tournament. It is known that whenever the players $${P_i}$$ and $${P_j}$$ play, the player $${P_i}$$ will win if $$i < j.$$ Assuming that the players are paired at random in each round, what is the probability that the player $${P_4}$$ reaches the final?
IIT-JEE 1999
11
Three players, $$A,B$$ and $$C,$$ toss a coin cyclically in that order (that is $$A, B, C, A, B, C, A, B,...$$) till a head shows. Let $$p$$ be the probability that the coin shows a head. Let $$\alpha ,\,\,\,\beta $$ and $$\gamma $$ be, respectively, the probabilities that $$A, B$$ and $$C$$ gets the first head. Prove that $$\beta = \left( {1 - p} \right)\alpha $$ Determine $$\alpha ,\beta $$ and $$\gamma $$ (in terms of $$p$$).
IIT-JEE 1998
12
Let $${C_1}$$ and $${C_2}$$ be the graphs of the functions $$y = {x^2}$$ and $$y = 2x,$$ $$0 \le x \le 1$$ respectively. Let $${C_3}$$ be the graph of a function $$y=f(x),$$ $$0 \le x \le 1,$$ $$f(0)=0.$$ For a point $$P$$ on $${C_1},$$ let the lines through $$P,$$ parallel to the axes, meet $${C_2}$$ and $${C_3}$$ at $$Q$$ and $$R$$ respectively (see figure.) If for every position of $$P$$ (on $${C_1}$$ ), the areas of the shaded regions $$OPQ$$ and $$ORP$$ are equal, determine the function$$f(x).$$ IIT-JEE 1998 Mathematics - Probability Question 27 English
IIT-JEE 1998
13
If $$p$$ and $$q$$ are chosen randomly from the set $$\left\{ {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} \right\},$$ with replacement, determine the probability that the roots of the equation $${x^2} + px + q = 0$$ are real.
IIT-JEE 1997
14
In how many ways three girls and nine boys can be seated in two vans, each having numbered seats, $$3$$ in the front and $$4$$ at the back? How many seating arrangements are possible if $$3$$ girls should sit together in a back row on adjacent seats? Now, if all the seating arrangements are equally likely, what is the probability of $$3$$ girls sitting together in a back row on adjacent seats?
IIT-JEE 1996
15
An unbiased coin is tossed. If the result is a head, a pair of unbiased dice is rolled and the number obtained by adding the numbers on the two faces is noted. If the result is a tail, a card from a well shuffled pack of eleven cards numbered $$2, 3,4,.....12$$ is picked and the number on the card is noted. What is the probability that the noted number is either $$7$$ or $$8$$?
IIT-JEE 1994
16
Numbers are selected at random, one at a time, from the two- digit numbers $$00, 01, 02 ......, 99$$ with replacement. An event $$E$$ occurs if only if the product of the two digits of a selected number is $$18$$. If four numbers are selected, find probability that the event $$E$$ occurs at least $$3$$ times.
IIT-JEE 1993
17
A lot contains $$50$$ defective and $$50$$ non defective bulbs. Two bulbs are drawn at random, one at a time, with replacement. The events $$A, B, C$$ are defined as
$$A=$$ (the first bulbs is defective)
$$B=$$ (the second bulbs is non-defective)
$$C=$$ (the two bulbs are both defective or both non defective)
Determine whether
(i) $$\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$A, B, C$$ are pairwise independent
(ii)$$\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$A, B, C$$ are independent
IIT-JEE 1992
18
In a test an examine either guesses or copies or knows the answer to a multiple choice question with four choices. The probability that he make a guess is $$1/3$$ and the probability that he copies the answer is $$1/6$$. The probability that his answer is correct given that he copied it, is $$1/8$$. Find the probability that he knew the answer to the questions given that he correctly answered it.
IIT-JEE 1991
19
A is a set containing $$n$$ elements. $$A$$ subset $$P$$ of $$A$$ is chosen at random. The set $$A$$ is reconstructed by replacing the elements of $$P.$$ $$A$$ subset $$Q$$ of $$A$$ is again chosen at random. Find the probability that $$P$$ and $$Q$$ have no common elements.
IIT-JEE 1990
20
Suppose the probability for A to win a game against B is $$0.4.$$ If $$A$$ has an option of playing either a "best of $$3$$ games" or a "best of $$5$$ games" match against $$B$$, which option should be choose so that the probability of his winning the match is higher ? (No game ends in a draw).
IIT-JEE 1989
21
A box contains $$2$$ fifty paise coins, $$5$$ twenty five paise coins and a certain fixed number $$N\,\,\left( { \ge 2} \right)$$ of ten and five paise coins. Five coins are taken out of the box at random. Find the probability that the total value of these $$5$$ coins is less than one rupee and fifty paise.
IIT-JEE 1988
22
A man takes a step forward with probability $$0.4$$ and backwards with probability $$0.6$$ Find the probability that at the end of eleven steps he is one step away from the starting point.
IIT-JEE 1987
23
A lot contains $$20$$ articles. The probability that the lot contains exactly $$2$$ defective articles is $$0.4$$ and the probability that the lot contains exactly $$3$$ defective articles is $$0.6$$. Articles are drawn from the lot at random one by one without replacement and are tested till all defective articles are found. What is the probability that the testing procedure ends at the twelth testing.
IIT-JEE 1986
24
In a multiple-choice question there are four alternative answers, of which one or more are correct. A candidate will get marks in the question only if he ticks the correct answers. The candidate decides to tick the answers at random, If he is allowed upto three chances to answer the questions, find the probability that he will get marks in the questions.
IIT-JEE 1985
25
In a certain city only two newspapers $$A$$ and $$B$$ are published, it is known that $$25$$% of the city population reads $$A$$ and $$20$$% reads $$B$$ while $$8$$% reads both $$A$$ and $$B$$. It is also known that $$30$$% of those who read $$A$$ but not $$B$$ look into advertisements and $$40$$% of those who read $$B$$ but not $$A$$ look into advertisements while $$50$$% of those who read both $$A$$ and $$B$$ look into advertisements. What is the percentage of the population that reads an advertisement?
IIT-JEE 1984
26
$$A, B, C$$ are events such that
$$P\left( A \right) = 0.3,P\left( B \right) = 0.4,P\left( C \right) = 0.8$$
$$P\left( {AB} \right) = 0.08,P\left( {AC} \right) = 0.28;\,\,P\left( {ABC} \right) = 0.09$$

If $$P\left( {A \cup B \cup C} \right) \ge 0.75,$$ then show that $$P$$ $$(BC)$$ lies in the interval $$0.23 \le x \le 0.48$$

IIT-JEE 1983
27
Cards are drawn one by one at random from a well - shuffled full pack of $$52$$ playing cards until $$2$$ aces are obtained for the first time. If $$N$$ is the number of cards required to be drawn, then show that $${P_r}\left\{ {N = n} \right\} = {{\left( {n - 1} \right)\left( {52 - n} \right)\left( {51 - n} \right)} \over {50 \times 49 \times 17 \times 13}}$$ where $$2 \le n \le 50$$
IIT-JEE 1983
28
$$A$$ and $$B$$ are two candidates seeking admission in $$IIT.$$ The probability that $$A$$ is selected is $$0.5$$ and the probability that both $$A$$ and $$B$$ are selected is atmost $$0.3$$. Is it possible that the probability of $$B$$ getting selected is $$0.9$$ ?
IIT-JEE 1982
29
An anti-aircraft gun can take a maximum of four shots at an enemy plane moving away from it. The probabilities of hitting the plane at the first, second, third and fourth shot are $$0.4, 0.3, 0.2$$ and $$0.1$$ respectively. What is the probability that the gun hits the plane?
IIT-JEE 1981
30
Six boys and six girls sit in a row randomly. Find the probability that
(i) the six girls sit together
(ii) the boys and girls sit alternately.
IIT-JEE 1979
31
Balls are drawn one-by-one without replacement from a box containing $$2$$ black, $$4$$ white and $$3$$ red balls till all the balls are drawn. Find the probability that the balls drawn are in the order $$2$$ black, $$4$$ white and $$3$$ red.
IIT-JEE 1978

Fill in the Blanks

1
If two events $$A$$ and $$B$$ are such that $$P\,\,\left( {{A^c}} \right)\,\, = \,\,0.3,\,\,P\left( B \right) = 0.4$$ and $$P\left( {A \cap {B^c}} \right) = 0.5,$$ then $$P\left( {B/\left( {A \cup {B^c}} \right)} \right.$$$$\left. \, \right] = $$ ............
IIT-JEE 1994
2
Three faces of a fair die are yellow, two faces red and one blue. The die is tossed three times. The probability that the colours, yellow, red and blue, appear in the first, second and the third tosses respectively is ...............
IIT-JEE 1992
3
If the mean and the variance of binomial variate $$X$$ are $$2$$ and $$1$$ respectively, then the probability that $$X$$ takes a value greater than one is equal to ...............
IIT-JEE 1991
4
Let $$A$$ and $$B$$ be two events such that $$P\,\,\left( A \right)\,\, = \,\,0.3$$ and $$P\left( {A \cup B} \right) = 0.8.$$ If $$A$$ and $$B$$ are independent events then $$P(B)=$$ ................
IIT-JEE 1990
5
A pair of fair dice is rolled together till a sum of either $$5$$ or $$7$$ is obtained. Then the probability that $$5$$ comes before $$7$$ is ...............
IIT-JEE 1989
6
Urn $$A$$ contains $$6$$ red and $$4$$ black balls and urn $$B$$ contains $$4$$ red and $$6$$ black balls. One ball is drawn at random from urn $$A$$ and placed in urn $$B$$. The one ball is drawn at random from urn $$B$$ and placed in urn $$A$$. If one ball is now drawn at random from urn $$A$$, the probability that it is found to be red is ................
IIT-JEE 1988
7
If $${{1 + 3p} \over 3},\,\,\,{{1 - p} \over 4}$$ and $$\,{{1 - 2p} \over 2}$$ are the probabilities of three mutually exclusive events, then the set of all values of $$p$$ is ..............
IIT-JEE 1986
8
$$P\left( {A \cup B} \right) = P\left( {A \cap B} \right)$$ if and only if the relation between $$P(A)$$ and $$P(B)$$ is .............
IIT-JEE 1985
9
A box contains $$100$$ tickets numbered $$1, 2, ....., 100.$$ Two tickets are chosen at random. It is given that the maximum number on the two chosen tickets is not more than $$10.$$ The minimum number on them is $$5$$ with probability ........
IIT-JEE 1985
10
For a biased die the probabilities for the different faces to turn up are given below : IIT-JEE 1981 Mathematics - Probability Question 129 English

This die tossed and you are told that either face $$1$$ or face $$2$$ has turned up. Then the probability that it is face $$1$$ is ...............

IIT-JEE 1981

True or False

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