If $$\Delta $$ is the area of a triangle with side lengths $$a, b, c, $$ then show that $$\Delta \le {1 \over 4}\sqrt {\left( {a + b + c} \right)abc} $$. Also show that the equality occurs in the above inequality if and only if $$a=b=c$$.

Let $$ABC$$ be a triangle with incentre $$I$$ and inradius $$r$$. Let $$D,E,F$$ be the feet of the perpendiculars from $$I$$ to the sides $$BC$$, $$CA$$ and $$AB$$ respectively. If $${r_1},{r_2}$$ and $${r_3}$$ are the radii of circles inscribed in the quadrilaterals $$AFIE$$, $$BDIF$$ and $$CEID$$ respectively, prove that $$${{{r_1}} \over {r - {r_1}}} + {{{r_2}} \over {r - {r_2}}} + {{{r_3}} \over {r - {r_3}}} = {{{r_1}{r_2}{r_3}} \over {\left( {e - {r_1}} \right)\left( {r - {r_2}} \right)\left( {r - {r_3}} \right)}}$$$

Let $$ABC$$ be a triangle having $$O$$ and $$I$$ as its circumcenter and in centre respectively. If $$R$$ and $$r$$ are the circumradius and the inradius, respectively, then prove that $${\left( {IO} \right)^2} = {R^2} - 2{\mathop{\rm Rr}\nolimits} $$. Further show that the triangle BIO is a right-angled triangle if and only if $$b$$ is arithmetic mean of $$a$$ and $$c$$.

A bird flies in a circle on a horizontal plane. An observer stands at a point on the ground. Suppose $${60^ \circ }$$ and $${30^ \circ }$$ are the maximum and the minimum angles of elevation of the bird and that they occur when the bird is at the points $$P$$ and $$Q$$ respectively on its path. Let $$\theta $$ be the angle of elevation of the bird when it is a point on the are of the circle exactly midway between $$P$$ and $$Q$$. Find the numerical value of $${\tan ^2}\theta $$. (Assume that the observer is not inside the vertical projection of the path of the bird.)