A small spherical monoatomic ideal gas bubble $$\left( {\gamma = {5 \over 3}} \right)$$ is trapped inside a liquid of density $$\rho_1$$ (see figure). Assume that the bubble does not exchange any heat with the liquid. The bubble contains n moles of gas. The temperature of the gas when the bubble is at the bottom is T$$_0$$, the height of the liquid is H and the atmospheric pressure is P$$_0$$ (Neglect surface tension)

As the bubble moves upwards, besides the buoyancy force the following forces are acting on it

A small spherical monoatomic ideal gas bubble $$\left( {\gamma = {5 \over 3}} \right)$$ is trapped inside a liquid of density $$\rho_1$$ (see figure). Assume that the bubble does not exchange any heat with the liquid. The bubble contains n moles of gas. The temperature of the gas when the bubble is at the bottom is T$$_0$$, the height of the liquid is H and the atmospheric pressure is P$$_0$$ (Neglect surface tension)

When the gas bubble is at a height y from the bottom, its temperature is :

A small spherical monoatomic ideal gas bubble $$\left( {\gamma = {5 \over 3}} \right)$$ is trapped inside a liquid of density $$\rho_1$$ (see figure). Assume that the bubble does not exchange any heat with the liquid. The bubble contains n moles of gas. The temperature of the gas when the bubble is at the bottom is T$$_0$$, the height of the liquid is H and the atmospheric pressure is P$$_0$$ (Neglect surface tension)

The buoyancy force acting on the gas bubble is (Assume R is the universal gas constant)

In a mixture of H - He$$^+$$ gas (He$$^+$$ is singly ionized He atom), H atoms and He$$^+$$ ions are excited to their respective first excited states. Subsequently, H atoms transfer their total excitation energy to He$$^+$$ ions (by collisions). Assume that the Bohr model of atom is exactly valid.

The quantum number n of the state finally populated in He$$^+$$ ions is :