Consider the hydrogen atom to be a proton embedded in a cavity of radius a₀ (Bohr radius) whose charge is neutralised by the addition of an electron to the cavity in vacuum, infinitely slowly. Estimate the average total energy of an electron in it's ground state in a hydrogen atom as the work done in the above neutralisation process. Also, if the magnitude of the average kinetic energy is half the magnitude of the average potential energy, find the average potential energy.

A 3.00 g sample containing Fe₃O₄, Fe₂O₃ and an inert impure substance is treated with excess of KI solution in presence of dilute H₂SO₄. The entire iron is converted into Fe²⁺ along with the liberation of iodine. The resulting solution is diluted to 100 ml, A 20 ml of the diluted solution requires 11.0 ml of 0.5 M Na₂S₂O₃ solution to reduce the iodine present. A 50 ml of the diluted solution, after complete extraction of the iodine requires 12.80 ml of 0.25 M KMnO₄ solution in the dilute H₂SO₄ medium for the oxidation of Fe²⁺. Calculate the percentages of Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ in the original sample.

The orbital angular momentum of an electron in 2s orbital is

Calculate the wave number for the shortest wavelength transition in the Balmer series of atomic hydrogen.

Which of the following has the maximum number of unpaired electrons?

When N₂, the N-N bond distance _____ and when O₂ goes to $$O_2^+$$ the O-O bond distance ___.

The number and type of bonds between two carbon atoms in CaC₂ are:

Among the following species, identity the isostructural pairs NF₃, $$NO_3^-$$, BF₃, H₃O⁺ , HN₃

A mixture of ideal gas is cooled upto liquid helium temperature (4.22K) to form an ideal solution

The following compounds have been arranged in order of their increasing thermal stabilities. Identify the correct order
K₂CO₃ (A), MgCO₃ (B), CaCO₃ (C), BeCO₃ (D)

Explain the difference in the nature of bonding in LiF and LiI.

The molar volume of liquid benzene (density = 0.877 g mL^-1) increases by a factor of 2750 as it vaporises at 20^oC and that of liquid toluene (density = 0.867 g mL^-1) increases by a factor of 7720 at 20^oC. A solution of benzene and toluene at 20^oC has vapour pressure of 46.0 Torr. Find the mole fraction of benzene in the vapour above the solution.

The standard reduction potential for Cu²⁺|Cu is +0.34 V. Calculate the reduction potential at pH = 14 for the above couple. K_sp of Cu(OH)₂ is 1.0 $$\times$$ 10^-19

The ionisation constant of $$NH_4^+$$ in water is 5.6 $$\times$$ 10^-10 at 25^oC. The rate constant for the reaction of $$NH_4^+$$ and $$OH^-$$ to form NH₃ and H₂O at 25^oC is 3.4 $$\times$$ 10¹⁰ L mol^-1s^-1. Calculate the rate constant for proton transfer from water to NH₃.

For $$n>0,$$ $$\int_0^{2\pi } {{{x{{\sin }^{2n}}x} \over {{{\sin }^{2n}}x + {{\cos }^{2n}}x}}} dx = $$

Let $${A_n}$$ be the area bounded by the curve $$y = {\left( {\tan x} \right)^n}$$ and the
lines $$x=0,$$ $$y=0,$$ and $$x = {\pi \over 4}.$$ Prove that for $$n > 2,$$
$${A_n} + {A_{n - 2}} = {1 \over {n - 1}}$$ and deduce $${1 \over {2n + 2}} < {A_n} < {1 \over {2n - 2}}.$$

Determine the equation of the curve passing through the origin, in the form $$y=f(x),$$ which satisfies the differential equation $${{dy} \over {dx}} = \sin \left( {10x + 6y} \right).\,$$

For the three events $$A, B,$$ and $$C,P$$ (exactly one of the events $$A$$ or $$B$$ occurs) $$=P$$ (exactly one of the two events $$B$$ or $$C$$ occurs)$$=P$$ (exactly one of the events $$C$$ or $$A$$ occurs)$$=p$$ and $$P$$ (all the three events occur simultaneously) $$ = {p^2},$$ where $$0 < p < 1/2.$$ Then the probability of at least one of the three events $$A,B$$ and $$C$$ occurring is

In how many ways three girls and nine boys can be seated in two vans, each having numbered seats, $$3$$ in the front and $$4$$ at the back? How many seating arrangements are possible if $$3$$ girls should sit together in a back row on adjacent seats? Now, if all the seating arrangements are equally likely, what is the probability of $$3$$ girls sitting together in a back row on adjacent seats?

A nonzero vector $$\overrightarrow a $$ is parallel to the line of intersection of the plane determined by the vectors $$\widehat i,\widehat i + \widehat j$$ and the plane determined by the vectors $$\widehat i - \widehat j,\widehat i + \widehat k.$$ The angle between $$\overrightarrow a $$ and the vector $$\widehat i - 2\widehat j + 2\widehat k$$ is ................

If $$\overrightarrow b \,$$ and $$\overrightarrow c \,$$ are two non-collinear unit vectors and $$\overrightarrow a \,$$ is any vector, then $$\left( {\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow b } \right)\overrightarrow b + \left( {\overrightarrow a .\overrightarrow c } \right)\overrightarrow c + {{\overrightarrow a .\left( {\overrightarrow b \times \overrightarrow c } \right)} \over {\left| {\overrightarrow b \times \overrightarrow c } \right|}}\left( {\overrightarrow b \times \overrightarrow c } \right) = $$ ..............

The position vectors of the vertices $$A, B$$ and $$C$$ of a tetrahedron $$ABCD$$ are $$\widehat i + \widehat j + \widehat k,\,\widehat i$$ and $$3\widehat i\,,$$ respectively. The altitude from vertex $$D$$ to the opposite face $$ABC$$ meets the median line through $$A$$ of the triangle $$ABC$$ at a point $$E.$$ If the length of the side $$AD$$ is $$4$$ and the volume of the tetrahedron is $${{2\sqrt 2 } \over 3},$$ find the position vector of the point $$E$$ for all its possible positions.

If for nonzero $$x$$, $$af(x)+$$ $$bf\left( {{1 \over x}} \right) = {1 \over x} - 5$$ where $$a \ne b,$$ then
$$\int_1^2 {f\left( x \right)dx} = .......$$

The angle between a pair of tangents drawn from a point P to the circle $${x^2}\, + \,{y^2}\, + \,\,4x\, - \,6\,y\, + \,9\,{\sin ^2}\,\alpha \, + \,13\,{\cos ^2}\,\alpha \, = \,0$$ is $$2\,\alpha $$.
The equation of the locus of the point P is

$${\sec ^2}\theta = {{4xy} \over {{{\left( {x + y} \right)}^2}}}\,$$ is true if and only if

The value of the expression
$$1 \bullet \left( {2 - \omega } \right)\left( {2 - {\omega ^2}} \right) + 2 \bullet \left( {3 - \omega } \right)\left( {3 - {\omega ^2}} \right) + \,....... + \left( {n - 1} \right).\left( {n - \omega } \right)\left( {n - {\omega ^2}} \right),$$

where $$\omega $$ is an imaginary cube root of unity, is..........

For positive integers $${n_1},\,{n_2}$$ the value of the expression $${\left( {1 + i} \right)^{^{{n_1}}}} + {\left( {1 + {i^3}} \right)^{{n_1}}} + {\left( {1 + {i^5}} \right)^{{n_2}}} + {\left( {1 + {i^7}} \right)^{{n_2}}},$$
where $$i = \sqrt { - 1} $$ is real number if and only if

Find all non-zero complex numbers Z satisfying $$\overline Z = i{Z^2}$$.

Find all values of $$\theta $$ in the interval $$\left( { - {\pi \over 2},{\pi \over 2}} \right)$$ satisfying the equation $$\left( {1 - \tan \,\theta } \right)\left( {1 + \tan \,\theta } \right)\,\,{\sec ^2}\theta + \,\,{2^{{{\tan }^2}\theta }} = 0.$$

Let n and k be positive such that $$n \ge {{k(k + 1)} \over 2}$$ . The number of solutions $$\,({x_1},\,{x_2},\,.....{x_k}),\,{x_1}\,\, \ge \,1,\,{x_2}\, \ge \,2,.......,{x_k} \ge k$$, all integers, satisfying $${x_1} + {x_2} + \,..... + {x_k} = n,\,$$ is......................................

Using mathematical induction prove that for every integer $$n \ge 1,\,\,\left( {{3^{2n}} - 1} \right)$$ is divisible by $${2^{n + 2}}$$ but not by $${2^{n + 3}}$$.

For any odd integer $$n$$ $$ \ge 1,\,\,{n^3} - {\left( {n - 1} \right)^3} + .... + {\left( { - 1} \right)^{n - 1}}\,{1^3} = ........$$

The real numbers $${x_1}$$, $${x_2}$$, $${x_3}$$ satisfying the equation $${x^3} - {x^2} + \beta x + \gamma = 0$$ are in AP. Find the intervals in which $$\beta \,\,and\,\gamma $$ lie.

A rectangle $$PQRS$$ has its side $$PQ$$ parallel to the line $$y = mx$$ and vertices $$P, Q$$ and $$S$$ on the lines $$y = a, x = b$$ and $$x = -b,$$ respectively. Find the locus of the vertex $$R$$.

The intercept on the line y = x by the circle $${x^2} + {y^2} - 2x = 0$$ is AB. Equation of the circle with AB as a diameter is................................

General value of $$\theta $$ satisfying the equation $${\tan ^2}\theta + \sec \,2\,\theta = 1$$ is _________.

A circle passes through three points A, B and C with the line segment AC as its diameter. A line passing through A angles DAB and CAB are $$\,\alpha \,\,and\,\,\beta $$ respectively and the distance between the point A and the mid point of the line segment DC is d, prove that the area of the circle is $$${{\pi \,{d^2}\,\,{{\cos }^2}\,\,\alpha } \over {{{\cos }^2}\,\alpha \, + \,{{\cos }^2}\,\beta \, + \,\,2\,\cos \,\,\alpha \,\,\cos \,\beta \,\cos \,\,(\beta - \alpha )\,}}$$$

Find the intervals of value of a for which the line y + x = 0 bisects two chords drawn from a point $$\left( {{{1\, + \,\sqrt 2 a} \over 2},\,{{1\, - \,\sqrt 2 a} \over 2}} \right)$$ to the circle $$\,\,2{x^2}\, + \,2{y^2} - (\,1\, + \sqrt 2 a)\,x - (1 - \sqrt 2 a)\,y = 0$$.

An ellipse has eccentricity $${1 \over 2}$$ and one focus at the point $$P\left( {{1 \over 2},1} \right)$$. Its one directrix is the common tangent, nearer to the point $$P$$, to the circle $${x^2} + {y^2} = 1$$ and the hyperbol;a $${x^2} - {y^2} = 1$$. The equation of the ellipse, in the standard form, is ............

Points $$A, B$$ and $$C$$ lie on the parabola $${y^2} = 4ax$$. The tangents to the parabola at $$A, B$$ and $$C$$, taken in pairs, intersect at points $$P, Q$$ and $$R$$. Determine the ratio of the areas of the triangles $$ABC$$ and $$PQR$$.

From a point $$A$$ common tangents are drawn to the circle $${x^2} + {y^2} = {a^2}/2$$ and parabola $${y^2} = 4ax$$. Find the area of the quadrilateral formed by the common tangents, the chord of contact of the circle and the chord of contact of the parabola.

If $$x{e^{xy}} = y + {\sin ^2}x,$$ then at $$x = 0,{{dy} \over {dx}} = ..............$$

In a triangle $$ABC$$, $$a:b:c=4:5:6$$. The ratio of the radius of the circumcircle to that of the incircle is ............

A curve $$y=f(x)$$ passes through the point $$P(1, 1)$$. The normal to the curve at $$P$$ is $$a(y-1)+(x-1)=0$$. If the slope of the tangent at any point on the curve is proportional to the ordinate of the point, determine the equation of the curve. Also obtain the area bounded by the $$y$$-axis, the curve and the normal to the curve at $$P$$.

Determine the points of maxima and minima of the function
$$f\left( x \right) = {1 \over 8}\ell n\,x - bx + {x^2},x > 0,$$ where $$b \ge 0$$ is a constant.

Let $$f\left( x \right) = \left\{ {\matrix{ {x{e^{ax}},\,\,\,\,\,\,\,x \le 0} \cr {x + a{x^2} - {x^3},\,x > 0} \cr } } \right.$$

Where a is a positive constant. Find the interval in which $$f'(x)$$ is increasing.

Evaluate $$\int {{{\left( {x + 1} \right)} \over {x{{\left( {1 + x{e^x}} \right)}^2}}}dx} $$.

Two guns, situated on the top of a hill of height 10 m, fire one shot each with the same speed $$5\sqrt 3 $$ m s^-1 at some interval of time. One gun fires horizontally and other fires upwards at an angle of $$60^\circ $$ with the horizontal. The shots collide in air at a point P. Find

(i) the time interval between the firings, and

(ii) the coordinates of the point P.

Take origin of the coordinate system at the foot of the hill right below the muzzle and trajectories in x-y plane.