For an npn transistor connected as shown in the figure, V_BE = 0.7 volts. Given that reverse saturation current of the junction at room temperature $${300^0}$$ K is $${10^{ - 13}}\,{\rm A}$$, the emitter current is $$\left( {\eta \, = \,1} \right)$$

The circuit using a BJT with β = 50 and V_BE = 0.7 V is shown in the figure. The base current I_B and collector voltage V_C are respectively

A symmetric three-level midtread quantizer is to be designed assuming equiprobable occurrence of all quantization levels.

The quantization noise power for the quantization region between –a and +a in the figure is

A symmetric three-level midtread quantizer is to be designed assuming equiprobable occurrence of all quantization levels.

If the input probability density function is divided into three regions as shown in figure, the value of 'a' in the figure is