In the circuit shown, I₁ = 80 mA and I₂ b= 4mA. Transistors T₁ and T₂ are identical. Assume that the thermal voltage V_T is 26 mV at 27^oC. At 50^oC, the value of the voltage V₁₂ = V₁ - V₂ (in mV) is _______.

In the circuit shown, assume that the opamp is ideal. The bridge output voltage V₀ (in mV) for $$\delta = 0.05$$ is______.

The circuit shown in the figure has an ideal opamp. The oscillation frequency and the condition to sustain the oscillations, respectively, are

A sinusoidal signal of 2 kHz frequency is applied to a delta modulator. The sampling rate and step-size $$\Delta $$ of the delta modulator are 20,000 samples per second and 0.1 V, respectively. To prevent slope overload, the maximum amplitude of the sinusoidal signal (in Volts) is

The transmitted signal in a GSM system is of 200 kHz bandwidth and 8 users share a common bandwidth using TDMA. If at a given time 12 users are talking in a cell, the total bandwidth of the signal received by the base station of the cell will be at least (in kHz) ___________________.

The input X to the Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC) shown in the figure is ‘1’ with probability 0.8. The cross-over probability is 1/7. If the received bit Y = 0, the conditional probability that ‘1’ was transmitted is _______.

A source emits bit 0 with probability $${1 \over 3}$$ and bit 1 with probability $${2 \over 3}$$. The emitted bits are communicated to the receiver. The receiver decides for either 0 or 1 based on the received value R. It is given that the conditional density functions of R are as
$${f_{\left. R \right|o}}\,(r) = \left\{ {\matrix{ {{1 \over 4},} & { - \,3\,\, \le \,\,x\,\, \le \,\,1,\,} \cr 0 & {otherwise,} \cr } } \right.and$$
$${f_{R/o}}\,(r) = \left\{ {\matrix{ {{1 \over 6},} & { - \,1\,\, \le \,\,x\,\, \le \,\,5\,,} \cr 0 & {otherwise.} \cr } } \right.$$

The minimum decision error orobability is

Consider the signal $$s\left(t\right)\;=\;m\left(t\right)\;\cos\left(2{\mathrm{πf}}_\mathrm c\mathrm t\right)\;+\widehat m\left(t\right)\;\sin\left(2\mathrm\pi\;{\mathrm f}_\mathrm c\mathrm t\right)$$ where $$\widehat m\left(t\right)\;$$ denotes the Hilbert transform of m(t) and the bandwidth of m(t) is very small compared to f_c. The signal s(t) is a

In the system shown in figure (a), m(t) is a low-pass signal with bandwidth W Hz. The frequency response of the band-pass filter H(f) is shown in figure (b). If it is desired that the output signal z(t) = 10x(t), the maximum value of W (in Hz) should be strictly less than ____________________.

Negative feedback in a closed-loop control system DOES NOT

The damping ratio of a series RLC circuit can be expressed as

A unity negative feedback system has the open-loop transfer function $$$G\left(s\right)\;=\;\frac K{s\left(s\;+\;1\right)\left(s\;+\;3\right)}$$$ The value of the gain K (>0) at which the root locus crosses the imaginary axis is _________.

The open-loop transfer function of a plant in a unity feedback configuration is given as $$G\left(s\right)=\frac{K\left(s+4\right)}{\left(s+8\right)\left(s^2-9\right)}$$.The value of the gain K(>0) for which -1 + j2 lies on the root locus is __________________.

A plant transfer function is given as $$$G\left(s\right)=\left(K_p+\frac{K_1}s\right)\left(\frac1{s\left(s+2\right)}\right)$$$ . When the plant operates in a unity feedback configuration, the condition for the stability of the closed loop system is

The popular plot of the transfer function G(s)=$${{10\left( {s + 1} \right)} \over {\left( {s + 10} \right)}}$$ for $$0 \le \omega < \infty $$ will be in the

A lead compensator network includes a parallel combination of 'R' and 'C' in the feed-forward path. If the transfer function of the compensator is $${G_C}(s) = {{s + 2} \over {s + 4}}.$$ The value of RC is ____

Consider a four bit D to A converter. The analog value corresponding to digital signals of values 0000 and 0001 are 0 V and 0.0625 V respectively. The analog value (in Volts ) corresponding to the digitals signal 1111 is ______________.

A 16 Kb (=16,384 bit) memory array is designed as a square with an aspect ratio of one (number of rows is equal to the number of columns). The minimum number of address lines needed for the row decoder is _______.

The Boolean expression F(X, Y, Z)= $$\overline X Y\overline Z + X\overline {Y\,} \overline Z + XY\overline Z + XYZ$$ converted into the canonical product of sum (POS)from is

All the logic gates shown in the figure have a propagation delay of 20 ns. Let A = C = 0 and B = 1 until time t = 0. At t = 0, all the inputs flip (i.e., A = C = 1 and B = 0) and remain in that state. For t > 0, output Z = 1 for a duration (in ns) of ______________.

A 3-input majority gate is defined by the logic function M (a,b,c) = ab+bc+ca. Which one of the following gates is represented by the function M$$\left( {\overline {M\left( {a,b,c} \right),} M\left( {a,b,\overline c } \right),c} \right)?$$

The electric field component of a plane wave traveling in a lossless dielectric medium is given by $$$\overrightarrow E \left( {z,t} \right) = {\widehat a_y}2\cos \left( {{{10}^8}t - {z \over {\sqrt 2 }}} \right)V/m.$$$

The wavelength )in m) for the wave is

The electric field intensity of a plane wave traveling in free space is given by the following expression

$$E\left( {x,t} \right) = {\widehat a_{_y}}24\pi \,\,\cos \left( {\omega t - {k_0}x} \right)\,\,\,\left( {V/m} \right)$$. In this field, consider a square area $$10 cm$$ $$ \times $$ $$10 cm$$ on a plane $$x + y = 1$$. The total time-averaged power $$(in mW)$$ passing through the square area is ________.

Consider a uniform plane wave with amplitude $$\left( {{E_0}} \right)$$ of $$10\,\,\,V/m$$ and $$1.1 GHz$$ frequency travelling in air, and incident normally on a dielectric medium with complex relative permittivity $$\left( {{\varepsilon _r}} \right)$$ and permeability $$\left( {{\mu _r}} \right)$$ as shown in the figure.

The magnitude of the transmitted electric field component (in V/m) after it has travelled a distance of $$10$$ cm inside the dielectric region is ________.

The longitudinal component of the magnetic field inside an air-filled rectangular waveguide made of a perfect electric conductor is given by the following expression $${H_z}(x,\,y,\,z,\,t) = \,0.1\,\cos \,(25\,\,\pi \,x)\,\cos \,(30.3\,\pi y)$$ $$\cos \,(12\,\pi \, \times \,{10^9}\,t\, - \beta \,z)(A/m)$$

The cross-sectional dimemsions of the waveguide are given as a = 0.08 m and b = 0.033 m. The mode of propagation inside the waveguide is

The built-in potential of an abrupt p-n junction is 0.75V. If its junction capacitance (C_J) at a reverse bias (V_R) of 1.25V is 5pF, the value of C_J (in pF) when V_R = 7.25V is ___________.

A silicon sample is uniformly doped with donor type impurities with a concentration of $$10^{16}/cm^3$$.The electron and hole mobilities in the sample are $$1200\;cm^2/V-s$$ and $$400\;cm^2/V-s$$ respectively. Assume complete ionization of impurities. The charge of an electron is $$1.6\;\times\;10^{-19}\;C$$.The resistivity of the sample $$\left(in\;\Omega-cm\right)$$ is _____________.

A region of negative differential resistance is observed in the current voltage characteristics of a silicon PN junction if

In the circuit shown below, the Zener diode is ideal and the Zener voltage is 6V. The output voltage V₀ (in volts) is ________.

A MOSFET in saturation has a drain current of 1 mA for V_DS =0.5V. If the channel length modulation coefficient is 0.05 V^-1, the output resistance (in k$$\Omega $$) of the MOSFET is______

For the NMOSFET in the circuit shown, in the threshold voltage is V_th, where V_th>0. The source voltage V_ss is varied from 0 to V_DD. Neglecting the channel length modulation, the drain current I_D as a function of V_ss is represented by

Consider system of linear equations : $$$x-2y+3z=-1$$$ $$$x-3y+4z=1$$$ and $$$-2x+4y-6z=k,$$$

The value of $$'k'$$ for which the system has infinitely many solutions is _______.

The value of $$'P'$$ such that the vector $$\left[ {\matrix{ 1 \cr 2 \cr 3 \cr } } \right]$$ is an eigenvector of the matrix $$\left[ {\matrix{ 4 & 1 & 2 \cr P & 2 & 1 \cr {14} & { - 4} & {10} \cr } } \right]$$ is ________.

A function $$f\left( x \right) = 1 - {x^2} + {x^3}\,\,$$ is defined in the closed interval $$\left[ { - 1,1} \right].$$ The value of $$x,$$ in the open interval $$(-1,1)$$ for which the mean value theorem is satisfied, is

The maximum area (in square units) of a rectangle whose vertices lie on the ellipse $${x^2} + 4{y^2} = 1\,\,$$ is

Which one of the following graphs describes the function? $$f\left( x \right) = {e^{ - x}}\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right)\,?$$

A vector $$\overrightarrow P $$ is given by $$\,\,\overrightarrow P = {x^3}y\overrightarrow a {}_x - {x^2}{y^2}\overrightarrow a {}_y - {x^2}yz\overrightarrow a {}_z.\,\,\,$$ Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

Suppose $$A$$ & $$B$$ are two independent events with probabilities $$P\left( A \right) \ne 0$$ and $$P\left( B \right) \ne 0.$$ Let $$\overrightarrow A $$ & $$\overrightarrow B $$ be their complements. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The input $$X$$ to the Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC) shown in the figure is $$'1'$$ with probability $$0.8.$$ The cross-over probability is $$1/7$$. If the received bit $$Y=0,$$ the conditional probability that $$'1'$$ was transmitted is _______.

The Solution of the differential equation $$\,{{{d^2}y} \over {d{t^2}}} + 2{{dy} \over {dt}} + y = 0\,\,$$ with $$\,y\left( 0 \right) = {y^1}\left( 0 \right) = 1\,\,$$ is

Let $$z=x+iy$$ be a complex variable. Consider that contour integration is performed along the unit circle in anticlockwise direction . Which one of the following statement is NOT TRUE?

In an 8085 microprocessor, the shift registers which store the result of an addition and the overflew bit are, respectively.

The damping ratio of a series $$RLC$$ circuit can be expressed as

In the circuit shown, the switch SW is thrown from position A to position B at time t = 0. The energy (in $$\mu J$$) taken from the 3V source to charge the 0.1$$\mu$$F capacitor from 0V to 3V is

In the circuit shown, at resonance, the amplitude of the sinusoidal voltage (in Volts) across the capacitor is ___________.

In the given circuit, the maximum power (in Watts) that can be transferred to the load R_L is ___________________.

In the given circuit, the values of V₁ and V₂ respectively are

In the circuit shown, switch SW is closed at t = 0. Assuming zero initial conditions, the value of v_c(t) (in Volts) at t= 1 sec is ___________.

The solution of the differential equation $${{h\left( {t + 1} \right)} \over {h\left( t \right)}}\,\,\,\,\,{{{d^2}y} \over {d{t^{ \to 2}}}} + {{2\,dy} \over {dt}} + y\, = \,0$$ with $$\,y\left( 0 \right)\, = \,y'\left( 0 \right)\, = \,1$$ is

Two sequences [a, b, c ] and [A, B, C ] are related as,
$$\left[ {\matrix{ A \cr B \cr C \cr } } \right] = \left[ {\matrix{ 1 \cr 1 \cr 1 \cr } {\mkern 1mu} \,\matrix{ 1 \cr {W_3^{ - 1}} \cr {W_3^{ - 2}} \cr } \,\matrix{ 1 \cr {W_3^{ - 2}} \cr {W_3^{ - 4}} \cr } } \right]{\mkern 1mu} \left[ {\matrix{ a \cr b \cr c \cr } } \right]$$ Where
$${W_3}$$ = $${e^{j{{2\pi } \over 3}}}$$ .
if another sequence $$\left[ {p,\,q,\,r} \right]$$ is derived as,
$$\left[ {\matrix{ p \cr q \cr r \cr } } \right] = \left[ {\matrix{ 1 \cr 1 \cr 1 \cr } \,\,\matrix{ 1 \cr {W_3^1} \cr {W_3^2} \cr } \,\matrix{ 1 \cr {W_3^2} \cr {W_3^4} \cr } } \right]\,\left[ {\matrix{ 1 \cr 0 \cr 0 \cr } \,\matrix{ 0 \cr {W_3^2} \cr {0\,} \cr } \,\matrix{ 0 \cr 0 \cr {W_3^4} \cr } } \right]\,\left[ {\matrix{ {A/3} \cr {B/3} \cr {C/3} \cr } } \right]$$ ,
Then the relationship between the sequences $$\left[ {p,\,q,\,r} \right]$$ and $$\left[ {a,\,b,\,c} \right]$$ is

Consider two real sequences with time- origin marked by the bold value, $${x_1}\left[ n \right] = \left\{ {1,\,2,\,3,\,0} \right\}\,,\,{x_2}\left[ n \right] = \left\{ {1,\,3,\,2,\,1} \right\}$$ Let $${X_1}(k)$$ and $${X_2}(k)$$ be 4-point DFTs of $${x_1}\left[ n \right]$$ and $${x_2}\left[ n \right]$$, respectively. Another sequence $${X_3}(n)$$ is derived by taking 4-ponit inverse DFT of $${X_3}(k)$$= $${X_1}(k)$$$${X_2}(k)$$. The value of $${x_3}\left[ 2 \right]$$

The pole-zero diagram of a causal and stable discrete-time system is shown in the figure. The zero at the origin has multiplicity 4. The impulse response of the system is ℎ[n]. If ℎ[0] =1, we can conclude.

For the discrete-time system shown in the figure, the poles of the system transfer function are located at

The result of the convolution $$x\left( { - t} \right) * \delta \left( { - t - {t_0}} \right)$$ is

In the system shown in Figure (a), m(t) is a low-pass signal with bandwidth W Hz. The frequency response of the band-pass filter H(f) is shown in Figure (b). If it is desired that the output signal z(t) = 10x(t), the maximum value of W (in Hz) should be strictly less than ___________________________

The waveform of a periodic signal x(t) is shown in the figure.

A signal g(t) is defined by $$g(t) = x\left( {{{t - 1} \over 2}} \right)$$.

The average power of g(t) is___________________________.

If $$\log_x\left(\frac57\right)=\frac{-1}3$$, then the value of x is

Operators $$\square$$,◊,$$\rightarrow$$ are defined by : a $$\square$$ b = $$\frac{a-b}{a+b}$$; a ◊ b = $$\frac{a+b}{a-b}$$; a $$\rightarrow$$ b = ab. Find the value of (66 $$\square$$ 6) $$\rightarrow$$ (66 ◊ 6).