A thermodynamic system is taken from an initial state i with internal energy U_i = 100 J to the final state f along two different paths iaf and ibf, as schematically shown in the figure. The work done by the system along the paths af, ib and bf are W_af = 200 J, W_ib = 50 J and W_bf = 100 J respectively. The heat supplied to the system along the path iaf, ib and bf are Q_iaf, Q_ib and Q_bf respectively. If the internal energy of the system in the state b is U_b = 200 J and Q_iaf = 500 J, the ratio Q_bf / Q_ib is

Steel wire of lenght ‘L’ at 40^oC is suspended from the ceiling and then a mass ‘m’ is hung from its free end. The wire is cooled down from 40^oC to 30^oC to regain its original length ‘L’. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the steel is 10⁻⁵ /^oC, Young’s modulus of steel is 10¹¹ N/m² and radius of the wire is 1 mm. Assume that L >> diameter of the wire. Then the value of ‘m’ in kg is nearly

Two spherical bodies A (radius 6 cm ) and B (radius 18 cm ) are at temperature T₁ and T₂, respectively. The maximum intensity in the emission spectrum of A is at 500 nm and in that of B is at 1500 nm. Considering them to be black bodies, what will be the ratio of the rate of total energy radiated by A to that of B?

A piece of ice (heat capacity = 2100 J kg^{-1 o}C^-1 and latent heat = 3.36 $$ \times $$ 10⁵ J kg^-1 ) of mass m grams is at - 5 ^oC at atmospheric pressure. It is given 420 J of heat so that the ice starts melting. Finally when the ice-water mixture is in equilibrium, it is found that 1 gm of ice has melted. Assuming there is no other heat exchange in the process, the value of m is