A bubble has surface tension $S$. The ideal gas inside the bubble has ratio of specific heats $\gamma=$ $\frac{5}{3}$. The bubble is exposed to the atmosphere and it always retains its spherical shape. When the atmospheric pressure is $P_{a 1}$, the radius of the bubble is found to be $r_{1}$ and the temperature of the enclosed gas is $T_{1}$. When the atmospheric pressure is $P_{a 2}$, the radius of the bubble and the temperature of the enclosed gas are $r_{2}$ and $T_{2}$, respectively.

Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?

An ideal gas of density $\rho=0.2 \mathrm{~kg} \mathrm{~m}^{-3}$ enters a chimney of height $h$ at the rate of $\alpha=$ $0.8 \mathrm{~kg} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$ from its lower end, and escapes through the upper end as shown in the figure. The cross-sectional area of the lower end is $A_{1}=0.1 \mathrm{~m}^{2}$ and the upper end is $A_{2}=0.4 \mathrm{~m}^{2}$. The pressure and the temperature of the gas at the lower end are $600 \mathrm{~Pa}$ and $300 \mathrm{~K}$, respectively, while its temperature at the upper end is $150 \mathrm{~K}$. The chimney is heat insulated so that the gas undergoes adiabatic expansion. Take $g=10 \mathrm{~m} \mathrm{~s}^{-2}$ and the ratio of specific heats of the gas $\gamma=2$. Ignore atmospheric pressure.

Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?

A cylindrical tube, with its base as shown in the figure, is filled with water. It is moving down with a constant acceleration a along a fixed inclined plane with angle $$\theta$$ = 45$$^\circ$$. P₁ and P₂ are pressures at points 1 and 2, respectively, located at the base of the tube. Let $$\beta$$ = (P₁ $$-$$ P₂)/($$\rho$$gd), where $$\rho$$ is density of water, d is the inner diameter of the tube and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?

As shown schematically in the figure, two vessels contain water solutions (at temperature T) of potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) of different concentrations n₁ and n₂ (n₁ > n₂) molecules per unit volume with $$\Delta $$n = (n₁ − n₂) << n₁. When they are connected by a tube of small length l and cross-sectional area S, KMnO₄ starts to diffuse from the left to the right vessel through the tube. Consider the collection of molecules to behave as dilute ideal gases and the difference in their partial pressure in the two vessels causing the diffusion. The speed v of the molecules is limited by the viscous force −$$\beta $$v on each molecule, where $$\beta $$ is a constant. Neglecting all terms of the order ($$\Delta $$n)², which of the following is/are correct? (k_B is the Boltzmann constant)