Consider a Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC) with probability of error being 'p'. To transit a bit, say 1, we transmit a sequence of three 1s. The receiver will interpret the received sequence to represent 1 if at least two bits are 1. The probability that the transmitted bit will be received in error is

A memory less source emits n symbols each with a probability p. The entropy of the source as a function of n

A speech signal, band limited to 4kHz and peak voltage varying between +5V and -5V is sampled at the Nyquist rate. Each sample is quantized and represented by 8 bits.

The number of quantitization levels required to reduce the quantization noise by a factor of 4 would be

A speech signal, band limited to 4 kHz and peak voltage varying between + 5V and - 5V is sampled at the Nyquist rate. Each sample is quantized and represented by 8 bits.

Assuming the signal to be uniformly distributed between its peak values, the signal to noise ratio at the quantizer output is