Voltage standing wave pattern in a lossless transmission line with characteristic impedance 50 $$\Omega $$ and a resistive load is shown in Fig. The reflection coefficient is given by

Voltage standing wave pattern in a lossless transmission line with characteristic impedance 50 $$\Omega $$ and a resistive load is shown in Fig. The value of the load resistance is

Consider a 300$$\Omega $$, quarter-wave long (at 1 GHz) transmission line as shown in Fig. It is connected to a 10V, 50$$\Omega $$ sources at one end and is left open circuited at the other end. The magnitude of the voltage at the open circuit end of the line is

Consider an impedance Z = R + jX marked with point P in an impedance Smith chart as shown in Fig. The movement from point P along a constant resistance circle in the clockwise direction by an angle $${45^ \circ }$$ is equivalent to