Consider the Z- channel given in the figure. The input is 0 or 1 with equal probability. If the output is 0, the probability that the input is also 0 equals____________________________________

The capacity of band-limited additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is given by $$C = \,W\,\,{\log _2}\left( {1 + {P \over {{\sigma ^2}\,W}}} \right)$$ bits per second (bps), where W is the channel bandwidth, P is the average power received and $${{\sigma ^2}}$$ is the one-sided power spectral density of the AWGN.
For a Fixed $${{P \over {{\sigma ^2}\,}} = 1000}$$, the channel capacity (in kbps) with infinite band width $$(W \to \infty )$$ is approximately

A fair coin is tossed repeatedly until a 'Head' appears for the first time. Let L be the number of tosses to get this first 'Head'. The entropy H (L) in bits is _______________.

A communication channel with AWGN operating at a signal to noise ratio SNR > > 1 and band width B has capacity $${{C_1}}$$ . If the SNR is doubled keeping B constant, the resulting capacity $${{C_2}}$$ is given