A symmetric three-level midtread quantizer is to be designed assuming equiprobable occurrence of all quantization levels.

If the input probability density function is divided into three regions as shown in figure, the value of 'a' in the figure is

A symmetric three-level midtread quantizer is to be designed assuming equiprobable occurrence of all quantization levels.

The quantization noise power for the quantization region between –a and +a in the figure is

Consider a binary digital communication system with equally likely $$0’s$$ and $$1’s$$. When binary $$0$$ is transmitted the voltage at the detector input can lie between the levels $$-0.25V$$ and $$+0.25V$$ with equal probability when binary $$1$$ is transmitted, the voltage at the detector can have any value between $$0$$and $$1 V$$ with equal probability. If the detector has a threshold of $$2.0V$$ (i.e., if the received signal is greater than $$0.2 V$$, the bit is taken as $$1$$), the average bit error probability is

If E_b, the energy per bit of a binary digital signal, is 10^-5 watt-sec and the one-sided power spectral density of the white noise, N₀ = 10^-6 W/Hz, then the output SNR of the matched filter is