The figure below is the plot of potential energy versus internuclear distance (d) of H₂ molecule in the electronic ground state. What is the value of the net potential energy E₀ (as indicated in the figure) in kJ mol^-1, for d = d₀ at which the electron-electron repulsion and the nucleus-nucleus repulsion energies are absent? As reference, the potential energy of H atom is taken as zero when its electron and the nucleus are infinitely far apart.
Use Avogadro constant as 6.023 $$ \times $$ 10²³ mol^-1.

Consider the reaction sequence from P to Q shown below. The overall yield of the major product Q from P is 75%. What is the amount in grams of Q obtained from 9.3 mL of P? (Use density of P = 1.00 g mL^-1; Molar mass of C = 12.0, H = 1.0, O = 16.0 and N = 14.0 g mol^-1)

Tin is obtained from cassiterite by reduction with coke. Use the data given below to determine the minimum temperature (in K) at which the reduction of cassiterite by coke would take place.

At $$298K:{\Delta _f}H^\circ [Sn{O_2}(s)] = - 581.0$$ mol^-1,

$$\eqalign{ & {\Delta _f}H^\circ [(C{O_2})(g)] = - 394.0\,kJ\,mol{ ^{-1}} \cr & S^\circ [Sn{O_2}(s)] = 56.0J\,{K^{ - 1}}mo{l^{ - 1}} \cr & S^\circ [Sn(s)] = 52.0\,J\,K{ ^{-1}}mo{l^{ - 1}} \cr & S^\circ [C(s)] = 6.0\,J\,{K^{ - 1}}mo{l^{ - 1}} \cr & S^\circ [C{O_2}(g)] = 210.0\,J\,{K^{ - 1}}mo{l^{ - 1}} \cr} $$

Assume that, the enthalpies and the entropies are temperature independent.

An acidified solution of 0.05 M Zn²⁺ is saturated with 0.1 M H₂S. What is the minimum molar concentration (M) of H⁺ required to prevent the precipitation of ZnS?

Use K_sp(ZnS) = 1.25 $$ \times $$ 10^$$-$$22 and overall dissociation constant of

H₂S, K_net = K₁K₂ = 1 $$ \times $$ 10^-21.