The minimum kinetic energy needed by an alpha particle to cause the nuclear reaction ${ }_{7}^{16} \mathrm{~N}+$ ${ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He} \rightarrow{ }_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H}+{ }_{8}^{19} \mathrm{O}$ in a laboratory frame is $n$ (in $M e V$. Assume that ${ }_{7}^{16} \mathrm{~N}$ is at rest in the laboratory frame. The masses of ${ }_{7}^{16} \mathrm{~N},{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He},{ }_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H}$ and ${ }_{8}^{19} \mathrm{O}$ can be taken to be $16.006 u, 4.003 u, 1.008 u$ and $19.003 u$, respectively, where $1 u=930 \,\mathrm{MeVc}^{-2}$. The value of $n$ is ________ .

In a photoemission experiment, the maximum kinetic energies of photoelectrons from metals P, Q and R are E_P, E_Q and E_R, respectively, and they are related by E_P = 2E_Q = 2E_R. In this experiment, the same source of monochromatic light is used for metals P and Q while a different source of monochromatic light is used for the metal R. The work functions for metals P, Q and R are 4.0 eV, 4.5 eV and 5.5 eV, respectively. The energy of the incident photon used for metal R, in eV, is ___________.

A perfectly reflecting mirror of mass M mounted on a spring constitutes a spring-mass system of angular frequency $$\Omega $$ such that $${{4\pi M\Omega } \over h} = {10^{24}}{m^{ - 2}}$$ with h as Planck's constant. N photons of wavelength $$\lambda $$ = 8$$\pi $$ $$ \times $$ 10^{$$ - $$6} m strike the mirror simultaneously at normal incidence such that the mirror gets displaced by 1 $$\mu $$m. If the value of N is x $$ \times $$ 10¹², then the value of x is ................ [Consider the spring as massless]

In a photoelectric experiment a parallel beam of monochromatic light with power of $$200$$ $$W$$ is incident on a perfectly absorbing cathode of work function $$6.25$$ $$ev.$$ The frequency of light is just above the threshold frequency so that the photoelectrons are emitted with negligible kinetic energy. Assume that the photoelectron emission efficiency is $$100\% $$. A potential difference of $$500$$ $$V$$ is applied between the cathode and the anode. All the emitted electrons are incident normally on the anode and are absorbed. The anode experiences a force $$F = n \times {10^{ - 4}}$$ $$N$$ due to the impact of the electrons. The value of $$n$$ is ______________. Mass of the electron $${M_e} = 9 \times {10^{ - 31}}\,kg$$ and $$1.0eV = 1.6 \times {10^{ - 19}}\,J.$$